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一、高考阅读能力测试的主要要求二、阅读理解常见题型及解题方法1、直接信息题（细节题）2、猜测词义题3、主旨归纳题4、推理判断题三、阅读要素及阅读能力的培养高考阅读能力测试的主要要求1、掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的细节和事实。2、既理解具体事实，也理解抽象概念。3、既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。4、既理解某句、某段的意思，也理解全篇逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5、既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。启示：阅读理解考查的不仅仅是学生的理解能力，还侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。学生既要抓住文章的整体，又得吃透其细节；既需理解文章的表层意思，又需领会其深层含义。阅读理解常见题型及解题方法一、直接信息题（细节题）直接信息题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题材目。其题目设计的方式一般有：1、以who,what,when,where等疑问词开头提问短文的具体内容。2、以trueorfalse形式，让考生判断文章某一事实或细节。3、句意转换理解。4、就文中具体内容进行简单计算，排序，识图等。5、以Accordingtothetext,Fromthetext开头，考查某一细节。这类题目的信息一般在文章中可以直接找到，大家只要抓准文中与题目有关的信息词、句、，稍加分析，便可得出正确答案。如：WheredidJackhidehimselfandhisbike?原文：Whenhegottohisuncle’swatchfactory,Jackgotoffhisbikeandhidhimselfandthebikebehindthebigtreenearthefactory.细节题训练快速寻找各题的正确答案：1.What…?A.in1835B.anewcarC.thedayaftertomorrowD.withgreatspeed2.Why…?A.lastweekB.forsomeiceC.verycarefullyD.mymothertongue3.Which…?A.atseveno’clockB.theforthC.allovertheworldD.onthefloor4.Where…?A.NewYorkB.GreekC.FrenchD.Canadian5.How…?A.＄1000B.withthehelpofothersC.asharpknifeD.careless6.Howmuch…?A.infifteenminutesB.￡3,500C.fivemetreslongD.thepopulationofthecountry7.When…?A.allovertheworldB.inthesouthernareaC.tendaysbeforethetestD.onceamonth8.Howhot…?A.slighthotB.terriblyhotC.afewhotD.muchhot9.Howsoon…?A.inseveralweeksB.onMondaymorningC.afterthatD.onceamonth选择正确答案：1.Theteachertoldhisstudentstodothesecondandthethirdexercises,buttheyshouldleavethefirstexerciseout.Howmanyexercisesshouldthestudentsdo?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Zero.2.JeanandMaryaskedDellatogooutforawalk,butshedidn’twantto.Whoprobablydidnotgoout?A.Jean.B.Mary.C.Della.D.JeanandMary.3.Theanswerstothequestionswhichwereinpart3oftheEnglishtestthatwehadwereratherdifficultformostofus.HowmanypartsdoestheEnglishtesthave?A.Onlythree.B.Atleastthree.C.Obviouslymorethanthree.D.Onlyfour.二、猜测词义题㈠根据上下文的说明。1、Hewasoneof80middleschoolstudentsfromChinaattendingamonth-long“YouthSummit”.Thesummitwastomarkthe25thanniversary(周年)ofPresidentNixon’sjourneytoChina,whichwastheturningpointinChina-U.S.relation.TheYouthSummitwasaimedatincreasingunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenyoungstudentsofthetwocountriesthroughvisitsanddiscussions.Thewords“YouthSummit”referto______.A.visittotheNixonLibraryB.theChinesestudentsvisittotheU.S.C.ameetingdiscussingrelationsbetweenChinaandtheU.S.D.activitiestostrengthenthetiebetweentheChineseandAmericanstudents.2、AmannamedWalterScotthadthefirst“diner”in1872.Itwasn’treallyadiner.Itwasonlyafoodcart.根据文中说明，“diner”不是小餐馆，而是流动小餐车。㈡、根据文中的解释在or,thatis,suchas,thatistosay,inanotherword,inotherwords这些词或词组后面的部分往往用来解释前面某一个难以理解的词、词组或句子，括号、破折号在句中常引出注释性词语，通过这些解释和注释，我们可以推断出词的含义。例如：1.Therearetwotypesoffat,externalfat(fatunderskin)andinternalfat(fatinsidethebodywall).2.Beforelong,manydinersstayedopenaroundtheclock.Inotherwords,peoplewereabletoeatinadineratanytime.㈢、根据上下文提供的情景。有时候语境中既没有明确的定义，又没有明确的解释，而是作者制造一种情景，暗示某词所指的性能和特征。比较下面两个句子：1、Inspiteofthefactthefishermenwerewearingsou’westers,thestormwassoheavythattheywerewetthrough.2.Aneastornorth-eastwindbringscolddryweathertoEngland,butasou’westerusuallybringrain.㈣、根据定语从句提供的信息。例：Thewaterwhichentersriversiscalled“runoff”.㈤、根据文中的列举。在词组suchas,forexample,forinstance等之后举例说明前面原先不太理解的名词或作进一步说明。例如：Today,manypeopleeatinfastfoodrestaurantssuchasMcDonald’sandBurgerKing.㈥、运用同义词关系。例如：1.ThegameAmericanscallsoccerisknownaroundtheworldasfootball.2.Thehousestoodattheendofaquietneatstreet.Thelittledwelling,however,lookedneglectedandcheerless.㈦、运用反义关系。例如：MostwomeninGhana-----theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-----worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.㈧、根据词法中的转化、派生、合成等来猜测词义。e.g.1.Womenhaveequalsayineverything.2.ThecoloursofEnglandinthespringareunforgettable.3.Thedisobedientedstudentswereforcedtoleaveschool.4.Boththedevelopedandtheunderdevelopedshouldtrytheirbesttopopularizeeducation.长句和难句的理解1.Airtravelissuchaneverydayexperiencethesedaysthatwearenotsurprised(whenwereadaboutapoliticianhavingtalkswiththeJapanesePrimeMinisteroneday,attendingaconferenceinAustraliathefollowingmorningandhavingtobeoffatmiddaytosignatradeagreementinBangkok.)(51词)2.Itistheabilitytodothejobthatmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.→Itisnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouarebuttheabilitytodothejobthatmatters.或Itisnotwhereyoucomefromthatmattersbutitistheabilitytodothejobthatmatters.三、主旨归纳题主旨大意题型主要测试读者对短文的全面理解和概括能力。提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。针对主旨问题的提问一般比较笼统，不涉及具体内容，所以有时不易直接在文中找到答案。为了要准确而又迅速地找到短文的中心句（表达中心思想的主题句），我们首先要明确作者的写作意图和文章的结构。1、表达中心思想的主题句出现在篇首。2、表达中心思想的主题句出现在篇末。3、含有中心思想的主题句出现在文章中间。4、文章中没有哪一句明确表达主旨大意时，主旨大意已隐含在全文中。凡遇到这种情况时，要求读者自己根据提出的问题，在仔细阅读，全面理解的基础上，结合上下文仔细琢磨推敲和概括，找出与试题有关的信息，作出正确判断。针对短文中心思想或主旨大意提问的方式主要有以下几种：1.Thebesttitleforthisarticleis______.2.Thepassageisabout______.3.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?4.Themainidea(topic,subject)ofthepassageisabout______.5.Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?6.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?7.Thispassagechieflydealswith_____.8.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith______.9.Whichofthefollowingbestsumupthepassage?10.Whichofth