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------写作指导ByNo.75MiddleSchoolZhuQianyin预测：阅读材料的体裁可以是说明文如实地说明一个现象，可以是一个记叙文，如用一个故事引出一个话题或道理，可以是一个新闻报道引发的一场争论，还可以是旗帜鲜明、说理性很强的文章。总之，让大家“有话想说，而且有话能说”。“读写任务”的写作过程：1）把握阅读材料的结构、思路、观点与意图；2）概括阅读材料的观点（论证过程）3）在“写作内容”的引导下写作。第一步：分析阅读材料的结构、思路、观点与意图。以2007样题为例：所给短文的说理思路如下：论点:论据:结论:（2）--（6）正面论据（8）--（11）反面论据（12）--（13）（1）概括作者的说理过程：阅读材料的观点是（1）可以概括为Somepeoplethinkthatteachersshouldnotcorrectstudents’mistakesforthem.其正面论据（2）--（6）可以概括为Childrenlearnbycomparinghisbehaviors,includinglanguage,withthoseofmoreskilledpeople.阅读材料的反面论据（7）--（11）可以概括为Teachers’frequentcorrectionofstudents’mistakesmakesstudentsunabletojudgetheirownwork.阅读材料的结论（12）--（13）可以概括为Sothosepeopleencouragestudentstolearnbycorrectingtheirownmistakesinsteadofhavingtheirmistakescorrectedbytheirteachers.用自己的语言整理如下：1。Theauthortellsustheimportanceofself-learningforchildren.Notonlyshouldtheteacherhelpthestudentstocorrecttheirmistakes,butalsotheyshoulddependthemselvestocorrecttheirownmistakes.(33)2。Thispassagediscussestheimportanceofself-learningforchildren.Studentsshouldhavethechancetocorrecttheirownmistakes,learn-by-doingandlearnfromeachother,notjusttheteacher.(29words)3）Thearticlegivestheviewthatteachersshouldletstudentscorrecttheirmistakesbythemselves.Studentsareabletocorrecttheirownmistakesandteachers’frequentcorrectionwillmakechildrenunabletojudgetheirownwork.(35words)4）Somepeoplethinkstudents’mistakesshouldbecorrectedbythemselvesanditiswrongfortheteacherstodoitforthemtooofteninschool.Itwillmakethechildrendependentontheteachers.(35words)Theauthor(Thepassage)discussedthebenefitofextracurricularactivitiesincludingbeingawaytoimprovestudents’health,widentheirsocialcircleandintroducethemtonewideasandpeople.(30words)reviewsthemostimportantpointsofthetext.Itshouldbebrief(short).Furthermore,thesummaryshouldbewrittenasmuchaspossibleinyourownwords.Itcontainsonlythemainideasandwhattheauthortalksaboutthetopicbutnotincludemuchexplanationorexamples.Howtowriteasummary1.Beforeyoubeginyoursummary,youshouldidentifythemainpointsofthetext.2.Underline/highlightand/ortakenotesonthetext.3.ThenWriteasummarywhichincludestheauthor’smainideaorpurposeforwritingthetext,thetopicandthenwhattheauthorsaysaboutthetopic.Omittingspecificdetails,examples,description,andunnecessaryexplanations.4.Trytouseyourownwords.5.Don’tputyouropinioninthesummary6.Beconciseandcoherent议论性或论说文，概括时则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。概括对方观点首先是要转换视角，即以“第三人称”或“无人称”来概括。eg：1。Theauthortellsustheimportanceofself-learningforchildren.Notonlyshouldtheteacherhelpthestudentstocorrecttheirmistakes,butalsotheyshoulddependthemselvestocorrecttheirownmistakes.(33)2。Thispassagediscussestheimportanceofself-learningforchildren.Studentsshouldhavethechancetocorrecttheirownmistakes,learn-by-doingandlearnfromeachother,notjusttheteacher.(29words)3）Thearticlegivestheviewthatteachersshouldletstudentscorrecttheirmistakesbythemselves.Studentsareabletocorrecttheirownmistakesandteachers’frequentcorrectionwillmakechildrenunabletojudgetheirownwork.(35words)4）Somepeoplethinkstudents’mistakesshouldbecorrectedbythemselvesanditiswrongfortheteacherstodoitforthemtooofteninschool.Itwillmakethechildrendependentontheteachers.(35words)如果给定的阅读材料是一则故事，应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥带水讲细节，而且最好讲出故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。比如说，Thisstorytellshowateacher’swordsavedashyandunconfidentchildandhelpedhimfindhimselfandholdontohisdreams.Ittellsusthatteachers’wordscanmakedifferencetoachild’slife.如果是说明性或描述性短文，就必须用概括性的文字说明一现象。比如可以概括如下Thisarticlepointoutthecommonphenomenon——rareanimalscannotescapebeinghurtandkilledbyhumanbeing.Don’tcopythesentencesinthetext.Useanotherwordorphrasethathasthesameorsimilarmeaning.Usedifferentsentencestructurestoexpressthesameidea.Attention