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名词性从句一.相关概念1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。3.名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。4.名词性从句的种类：根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分，名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二.主语从句1.主语从句的连接词1).连接词:that,whether例:(1).Thathewillwiniscertain.(2).IthasbeenreportedthatsalesofbeefinChinawillincrease.(3).Whetherweshallraiseducksorgeeseremainstobedecided.(4).Whetherhe‘lljoinusinthediscussionisofgreatimportance.2).连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever例:(1).Itisclearwhoisafraidofhavingachangeinlandownership.(2).Whosebagitiscannotbetold.(3).WhatIndianeedsisalawtomakelandownershipfairer.(4).Itisnotyetdecidedwhichcashcropwillbeproducednextyear.(5).Whateverhesaidwasright.(6).Whoevergoestheremustgetreadyby6o’clock.3).连接副词:when,where,why,how,howmany,howmuchhowlong,howsoon,howoften例:(1).Whenwe’llstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.(2).Wherewecanbuyoxenissomethingweneedtofindout.(3).Whyhecamehereisnotknown.(4).Howwecanprotectthegrainfromdampneedstobediscussed.(5).Howmanypeoplediedfromstarvationthatyearwillneverbeknown.(6).Howoftenhe’llgotoseehisgrandmotherdependsonthetimehecanspare.2.注意点1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.例:正:Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.误:Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略.例:正:Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.误:Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.3).whether可以引导主语从句,但if不能.4).whoever,whatever,whichever等词可以引导主语从句,但nomatterwho,nomatterwhat等不能.5).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said/…that…Itisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/…that…Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/…that…Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…/Itseemsthat…Ithappensthat…三.宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词:宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.2.注意点1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数情况下可以省略.3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句但:(1).当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.例:Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.例:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.例:Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,that不省略.例:Hetoldmethathewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.四.表语从句1.表语从句的引导词:基本上与主语从句的引导词相同.连词除了that,whether(不用if)外,还可以用because.在连系动词seem,look之后还可用asthough(asif).例:(1).Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.(2).Thequestionwaswhenthebutcherwaslikelytocomebackfromthetown.(3).ThefactremainsthatachangeinlandownershipisneededinIndia.(4).Thatiswhathetoldus.(5).Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.2.注意点1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if引导.4).不要使用Thereason…isbecausethat…句型,应使用Thereason…isthat…或This/it/that/isbecause…等句型.例如:今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.误:Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.正:Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.或:Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.五.同位语从句1.同位语从句的引导词:that2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:如果that作从句中的某一成分,则是定语从句,如果that不作从句中的任何成分,则是同位语从句.例:(1).Ihadnoideathatitwassolate.(主系表结构,that不作从句中的成分,同位语从句)(2).Istillremembertheplacethatwevisitedlastyear.(主谓宾结构,that作从句中的宾语,定语从句)3.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea,fact,news,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion,proof,message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,word等.