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强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能为听者或读者恰当的理解，必须突出重要的内容，这就需要运用强调的手段。1.强调句的定义2.强调的构成在现代英语中，人们可以通过语音手段、词汇手段、语法手段来进行强调。(1)语音手段在口语中，人们可以根据交流的需要，通过语句重音来对不同的词语进行强调。HespeaksEnglishwell.这句话，可以通过语句重音来分别对不同的词进行强调：A:Weneedagoodstudenttohosttheeveningparty.B:Well,hespeaksEnglishwell.A:He’sbeenlivinginCanadaforyears.B:HespeaksEnglishwellbuthiswritingisnotverygood.Example:A:HespeaksfluentFrench.B:HespeaksEnglishwell,too.A:Doyouthinkheisfitforthejob?B:Certainly.HespeaksEnglishwell.(2)词汇手段人们常用一些形容词、副词、否定词等词汇手段来加强语气。ThisisamostinterestingTVplay.Graceistall,butCatherineisstilltaller.Warandpeaceisthebestnovelthatlhaveeverread.Thelastthingthatalazystudentwishesisexamination.Atthatverymomentthepolicemencame.Ican'tevenrememberthenameofthatoldfriendofmine.Whereintheworlddidyougojustnow?Whatonearthareyoudoing?She'snotintheleastangrywithme.Thepresidenthimselfwillchairthemeeting.(3)语法手段1.用Itis／was…that／who…句型表示强调。被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在is／was的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who，whom等代替。Hemetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.强调主语Itwashewho/thatmetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.强调宾语Itwasanoldfriendthat/whohemetintheparkyesterday.Hemetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.Itwasintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday.强调地点状语强调时间状语Itwasyesterdaythathemetanoldfriendinhepark.2.用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词。Docomeearly.Hedidsendyoualetterlastweek.We’repleasedthatshedoesintendtocome.3．用主语从句+be+被强调部分，主语从句常用what引导。Johnwantsaball.WhatJohnwantsisaball.Marygivespianolessonseveryday.WhatMarydoeseverydayis(to)givepianolessons.4.用修辞疑问句，表示强调。疑问句转用作加强语气的陈述句时，即可称为修辞性疑问句。需要注意的是：肯定的修辞疑问句其意义相当于强调的否定陈述句；而否定的修辞疑问句其意义则相当于强调的肯定陈述句。WhatMarydoeseverydayis(to)givepianolessons.Cananyonedoubtthetruthofhisstatement?谁能怀疑他陈述的真实性？＝Surelynoonecan/woulddoubtit.)Whodoesn'tknowthesunrisesintheeast?＝Everyoneknows…谁不知道太阳从东方升起？5.还可以通过改变句子结构或颠倒正常语序的手段来进行强调。NeverwillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.Example:Happyarethosewhoarecontent.知足常乐。Onlyinthiswaycanwecatchupwithandsurpasstheworld'sadvancedlevelofscienceandtechnology.1.Itis／was…that…强调句型的强调部分必须是对that/who之后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把Itis(was)...that去掉，该句应该意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。区分下例两句：Itwas7o’clockwhenhecameback.Itwasat7o’clockthathecameback.他回来时7点钟了.他是7点钟回来的。2.Itis／was…that…强调句型的被强调部分如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since、as或why引导。Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthattheycouldnotcrosstheriver.正是由于水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。3.注意not...until强调句型的变化。Comparethefollowing：Shedidn'trememberherappointmentwiththedoctoruntilshehadarrivedhome.Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhomethatsherememberedherappointmentwiththedoctor.Notuntilshehadarrivedhomedidsherememberherappointmentwiththedoctor.4.Itis／was…that…强调句型中，that作宾语时可以省略，Itwasanewdictionary(that)Fatherboughtforme.Wasither(that)youweretalkingabout?5.如果强调的是特殊疑问句，要用“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+…”结构,表示“究竟是谁……，到底在哪里……”等等。Whowasitthatyouwanttosee?Wherewasitthatyousawtheteacher?Whyisitthatyouwanttochangeyourmind?你究竟为什么要改变主意？Exercises:1.It_____MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.A.wasB.areC.wereD.hadbeenI.Fillintheblanks2.Itwasnotuntil1920_____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.since3.Shesaidshewouldgoandshe________go.A.didn’tB.didC.reallyD.would4.Itwasthetraining_____hehadasayoungman_____madehimsuchagoodengineer.A.what;thatB.that;whatC.that;whichD.which;that5.---Wereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?---No,______onlythetwopassengerswhogothurt.A.therewereB.itwereC.therewasD.itwasII．句型转换改写下列各句，1.Billmadeakiteatschoolyesterday.2.Johnsellspotatoes.3.Themotherlovesherbabydearly.4.Ipaintedthedoorwhite.5.Sheleftherglovesinyourroom.6.MrSmithgaveanewpentome.II.1.ItwasBillwhomadeakiteatschoolyesterday.2.WhatJohnsellsispotatoes.3.Themotherdoesloveherbabydearly.4.ItwaswhitethatIpaintedthedoor.5.Itwasinyourroomthatshelefthergloves.6.ItwasmethatMrSmithgaveapento.