搜索
虚拟语气(SubjunctiveMood)语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度,而且在谓语动词上有所体现。语气分三种:陈述语气;祈使语气;虚拟语气。•1.陈述语气多见于大多数句子里,用来陈述事实或就事实提出询问,广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。Hecouldswim,buthedidn’tjumpintothewatertosavetheboy.•2.祈使语气仅用于祈使句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求，劝告或命令。Shutthewindowbeforeleaving.•3.虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等。IfIwereabird,Ishouldflyinthesky.•一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用•二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用•三.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用•四.虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用•五.虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用•六.虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用•七.虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用•八.虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用•如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。•1．与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句：过去式（be只用were）主句：would(should/could/might)+动词原形Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.•高考例题1）(1984年高考)Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English____mucheasier.•A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe•答案:D•2．与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句：had+p.p.主句：would(should/could/might)+have+p.p.•Sheshouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.Ifshehadn’tcalledme,Ishouldhaveoversleptthismorning.•2）(1993年高考)Ifhe_______,he_____thatfood.Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavewarned;hadnottaken•答案:B•3．与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句：过去式或should/wereto+动词原形主句：would(should/could/might)+动词原形•IfIweretobe20yearsoldnextyear,Ishouldtakethecourseofcomputerscience.Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.Whatwouldhappeniftheearthstoppedturning?•3）Ifhe___________tomorrow,hewouldfindMr.Wangintheoffice.A.comesB.willcomeC.shouldcomeD.come•答案:C•注：1。在if引导的非真实条件句中，if可以省略，但是需要倒装（从句位于主句前）•Ifhehadbeenwarned,hewouldnothavetakenthatfood.•=Hadhebeenwarned,hewouldnothavetakenthatfood.•Whatwouldhappeniftheearthstoppedturning?•=Whatwouldhappeniftheearthwereto/shouldstopturning?•=Weretheearthtostopturning,whatwouldhappen?•=Shouldtheearthtostopturning,whatwouldhappen?•4）________hewouldhavesucceededintheexamination.A.HadheworkedhardB.IfheworkedhardC.IfheworkshardD.Ifhehasworkedhard•答案:A•2．某些介词without/butfor等或连词otherewise等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语气。•Withoutair,wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes.=Iftherewerenoair,wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes.•Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.•Jackcan’thavearrivedyet;otherwisehewouldhavetelephoneme.=Jackcan’thavearrivedyet;ifhehadarrived,hewouldhavetelephoneme.•5）(1991年高考)Withoutelectricityhumanlife_______quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe•答案:D•6）(2001年上海春招)Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe______agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored•答案:D•3．当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。•1）过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为过去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相反的说法。•Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbeallrightnow.•2）现在时与过去时混合使用。Ifhecouldpasstheexamnow,hewouldhavepasseditlasttime.•3）现在时与将来时混合使用。Ifhewereherenow,hewastostartoffwithustomorrow.•7）(2002年上海)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_______inloveattheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall•答案:B•8）(1995年高考)Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken答案:C二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用•1．在动词order/demand/insist/command/advise/suggest/request/require/decide/ask等词后的宾语从句中谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。•Jane’suncleinsistedthatshenotstayinthehotel.Theworkersrequestedthattheirworkingconditionsbeimproved.•注：这些词的后面有时也不用虚拟语气。Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.Heinsistedthathewasright.•9）(1987年高考)Thejudgeorderedthatthethief_______punished.A.wouldbeB.shouldbeC.wastobeD.mustbe•答案:B•10）(1997年高考)Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe_______ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe________amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has•答案:B•2．动词wish的宾语从句的谓语动词与条件从句的谓语动词形式一样，即：现在使用过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。•IdowishthatIcouldhelpyou.IwishIhadknowntheanswertothequestion.•高考例题11）(2002年上海春招)HowIwisheveryfamily_______alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad•答案:B•12）(1988年高考)IwishI________youyesterday.A.seenB.didseenC.hadseenD.weretosee•答案:C•2.It+be+important/desirable(理想的)/better/strange/necessary/surprising/…+that从句(should+动词原形)Itisnecessarythatyou(should)bepresentatthediscussion.•3.Itisapity/amatterofregret/wonder/shame++that从句(should+动词原形)•4.Itis(high/about)time+that从句(动词用一般过去时态)Itistimeweleft.=Itistimeforustoleave.Itishightimethathebegantothinkhowtodealwithmoney.•例题13)Itisdesirablethattheplane_______aslightaspossible.A.wasB.beC.isD.were•答案:B三.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用•1.It+be+suggested/ordered/demanded/required/requested/planned/arranged/…+that从句(should+动词原形)ItwassuggestedthatJane(should)haveamedicalexamination.•14）Itishightimethatwe________toschool.A.wouldgoB.wentC.willgoD.hadgone•答案:B•15）Iwouldratherthatyou_______rightaway.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.shouldlive•答案:B四.虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用•名词suggestion/proposal(建议)/order/advice/demand等可以接名词性从句,从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气,(should)+动词原形.•Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)sendafewsoldierstohelpthem.Hemakesthedemandthatshe(should)leavetheplaceatonce.•例题16）Theirdemandisthattheirwages_______increasedby20%.A.beB.shouldC.willbeD.