高考英语语法主谓一致高三英语课件

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“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致,即主语是复数,谓语也用复数形式,如are,were,have等,主语是单数,谓语要用单数形式,如:is,was,has,works等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。意义一致的原则(一)谓语动词为单数的情况1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(那个工人兼作家…)(比较:TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家)BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.2.Every…and(every)…,each…and(each…,no…and(no)…,manya…and(manya)…连接两个单数名词作主语。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.3.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+复数名词作主语。Eachofthestudentshasabook.4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.5.以s结尾的词,但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。Mathsisoneofmyfavouritesubjects.6.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.7.由every-,any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。Iseveryoneheretoday?8.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Collectingstampsiswhathelikes.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。(二)谓语动词为复数的情况1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.2.people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.3.goods,stairs,arms等名词作主语。Thegoodsweresoldout.4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.5.anumberof/quantitiesof/agroupof+名词作主语。Anumberofstudentsarereadingbooksintheclassroom.(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数,指个个成员用复数。Hisfamilyisagreatone.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.2.means,works,pains等词,根据主语表达的概念而定。Thesteelworksisnearthestation.Twonewsteelworksarebeingbuilt.3.“kind,sort,pair,type+名词”作主语,以这些名词本身的单复数而定。Thekindofpaperismadeofstraw.Somekindsofanimalsaredyingout.4.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.5.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语:谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。Twothirdsofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.Twothirdsofbuildingwaspainted.就近一致原则由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.但注意:“with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/among/aswellas/nomorethan/besides/ratherthan+名词”置于主语后,谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?WeChinese____ahard-workingpeople.A.isB.areC.isbeingD.arebeing此题应选B。这里应注意的是:我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致),而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致),本题意为:我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子:ThesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendJim.Theplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudy.ThemostimportantthingIneedisbooks.Thecountry'sleadingexportiswatches.Thebestpartofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies.集合名词作主语,谓语的数如何确定?1.Hisfamily_______asmallone.2.Hisfamily_______fatandshort.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is此题应选C。family是一个集合名词,具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有:team(队,队员),class(班,班上的全体学生),crowd(人群),government(政府),crew(乘务员),committee(委员会,委员们),audience(听众)等:Thisclassconsistsof45students.MrGreenteachesit.这个班45个学生,由格林先生教。Thisclassarealldiligent.MrGreenteachesthem.这个班的学生都很用功,由格林先生教。Itwaslate,buttheaudiencewasincreasing.时间很迟了,但听众人数却在增加。Theaudiencewereallmovedtotears.听众都感动得流了泪。Theteamisthebestintheleague.这个队在联赛中打得最好。Thefootballteamarehavingbaths.足球队队员们在洗澡。但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法:1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数):clothing衣服,poetry诗歌,baggage/luggage行李,furniture家俱,machinery机械,scenery景色,jewellery珠宝等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式):people人,police警察,cattle牲口等。但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能,它的谓语到底用单数还是复数,要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数),例如:Whoisyourbrother?谁是你的兄弟?Whoareyourbrothers?哪些是你的兄弟?Whathesaidisquitecorrect.他所说的完全正确。Whatheleftmeareonlyafewoldbooks.他给我留下的只是几本旧书。并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致?1.Youorhe_______toblame.你或他有一人要受责备。2._______youorhetoblame?受责备的是你还是他?A.is,IsB.are,AreC.is,AreD.are,Is在通常情况下,两个并列主语由or,either…or,neither…nor,not…but,notonly…but(also)等连接时,其谓语通常与第二个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致,但是,在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致。1.Oneortwodays____enoughtoseethecity.A.isB.areC.amD.be2.NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.A.isB.areC.amD.be3.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be4.Nottheteacher,butthestudents____lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm.A.isB.areC.amD.be下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致?Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered用连词and连接的两个并列主语,其谓语要用复数,但是若主语跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan等连接的另一个名词,其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。1.NobodybutBettyandMary____lateforclassyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.havebeen2.Awomanwithsomechildren____soon.A.iscomingB.arecomingC.hascomeD.havecome3.Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingaboutthis。A.knowB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown4.Theteacheraswellasthestudents____thebookalready.A.hasreadB.havereadC.arereadingD.isreading5.Allbutone____intheaccident.A.waskilledB.werekilledC.willbekilledD.arekilled6.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be7.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks___tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered8.W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