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2007届高三英语专题复习阅读理解郑集中学高三英语组高考阅读理解常见题型A.Mainideas★★★B.Guessthemeaning★★★C.Details★D.Inference&judgment★★主旨大意题---MainIdeas主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找到答案。Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram59.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.Children’sreadingdifficulties.B.Advantagesofraisingdogs.C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram.______________________________________________________________________________高考题重现方法指导1、确定主题句；（如：“forexample”“first”“second”等之前的句子中或者“allinall”“aboveall”等之后的句子后。）2、文章“着墨”最多的点即文章的主旨意。ReturnHowtofindthetopicsentences?Featuresofthetopicsentences：1).相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2).主题句一般结构简单；3).段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展相互题句所表达的思想的。Example1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.（1）主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。—————————————————————————Example2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.(2)主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————Example3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.(3)在短文中间主题句也可以安排在段中间,此时前面只提出问题，文中的主题由其后陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,然后再作进一步的解释,支持或发展._______________________________________________________________________________如何考?1.Whatisthetopicofthetext?(NMET’93)2.Thetextismainlyabout____.(NMET’95)3.What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?(NMET’98)4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?(2004全国)I:Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage.Itisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld.Over70percentoftheworld'sradioprogramsareinEnglish.本段主题句为首句,其后的内容均说明首句。Pleasefindoutthekeysentenceofthefollowingpassages.巩固练习————————————————————————————————————————II.JustasIsettledowntoreadorwatchtelevision,hedemandsthatIplaywithhim.IfIgetatelephonecall,hescreamsinthebackgroundorknockssomethingover.Ialwayshavetohanguptofindoutwhat'swrongwithhim.Baby-sittingwithmylittlebrotherisnofun.Herefusestoletmeeatasnackinpeace.UsuallyhewantshalfofwhateverIhavetoeat.Then,whenhefinallygrowstired,ittakesaboutanhourforhimtofallasleep.有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。___________________________________________________________ALittleGame（脑筋急转弯）1.Whichtravelsfaster,heatorcold?Heat.Becauseyoucancatchacold.2.WheredoesFridaycomebeforeThursday?Inthedictionary.3.It’syours,butothersuseitmorethanyoudo.Whatisit?Yourname.猜测词义题—Guessthemeaning在阅读中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思,词义的猜测贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。历年高考中均有此类题目。生活常识上下文对比转折因果关系同位关系同义词反义词构词法定义猜Return方法指导高考题重现Thewholefamilyhadexperiencedsuchastormbeforeandeveryonerememberedthedamageithadcausedtostockandcrops．Therewasverylittlewecoulddoaboutthecorps.Butweneededtoprotecttheanimalsincasetheriverfloodedagain．Myolderbrothercalledhissheep-dogandbegandrivingoursmallflockofsheeptohighergroundaboveriver．Iftheriverflooded，theyshouldbesafethere．58．Theunderlinedwordstockinthethirdparagraphrefersto_________.A.moneyownedbythefamilyB．goodsforsaleC.suppliesforfamilyuseD．farmanimals(06江西卷)________________________________________________________________________1.上下文Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.2.定义法定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示牧人Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidenc