八年级英语外研版上课件动词不定式用法

Whatarethethreenon-predicatesinEnglish?TheInfinitive•todosth•tobedoingsth•tohavedoneTheParticiple•doing•havingdone•doneTheGerund•doing•havingdone语法：动词不定式在句子中的作用①作主语：e.g.Tosayisonething;todoisanother.It’simportanttodoitrightaway.②作表语：e.g.Whatyoushouldistoleavehereatonce.Theproblemishowtodoit.③作宾语：e.g.Iwanttobuysomethingforhim.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.④作宾语补足语：e.g.Heaskedmetowaitforhimforawhile.Myfatherletsmegooutaloneatnight.不带to的不定式作宾补！！⑤作定语（位于名词或代词之后）：e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?Haveyougotthepermissiontousethecomputer?⑥作状语（目的、结果、原因等）：e.g.Weeattolive;wedon’tlivetoeat.目的e.g.Wewenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.结果状语e.g.Wearegladtoseeyou.原因状语在too…todo…;adj./adv.+enoughtodo…结构中作结果状语；在inorderto;soasto结构中作目的状语；在be+adj.+todo…中作原因或方式状语。e.g.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Hegotupearlysoastocatchthebus.I’msorrytohearthat.1.Toselecttherightcolorsisimportantforbusiness.(subject)2.MydreamistogotoBeijingUniversity.(predicative)3.Westernbrideschoosetowearwhiteontheirweddingdays.(object)4.Toattractmorecustomers,theypainttheirrestaurantred.(adverbial)5.Ihavenowaytohelphimoutoftrouble.(attribute)5.Idon’tthinkitdifficulttoimproveourEnglishinashorttime.(formalobject)6.Neverhesitatetohelpothers.(object)7.Wehavebeentoldwhenandwheretohavethephysicalexamination.(object)8.Itisnecessaryforyoungpeoplenowadaystomasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.(formalsubject)Specialpatterns:1.Heissaidtohavealreadyfinishedhistask.=Itissaidthathehasalreadyfinished…2.Heisthoughttobethebestplayer.=Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.3.SheisbelievedtohavelandedinAmerica．=Itisbelievedthatshehaslanded…4.Youseemtohaveseenthefilm.=Itseemsthatyouhaveseenthefilm.onlytodo-----1.Hehurriedbacktohishouse,onlytofindthatitwasempty．2.Hesurvivedtheaircrash,onlytodieinthedesert．3.Irantothestation,onlytoseethetrainwasoutofthestation.4.Heenjoyedlaughingatothers,onlytofindhimselflaughedat.不带to的不定式a.feel，hear，see,watch,listento,lookat,observe,notice**Isaw／watchedhimdriveoff．**Iheardhimlockthedoor(but:Hewasseentoentertheoffice．)b.make,let,have(lethasnopassivevoice)c.hadbetter,wouldrather…thandoanything/nothing…but/except**Hedoesnothingbutcomplain．**Mydogdoeseverythingbutspeak．动词不定式易考点：1.Theyaresaidto____(在建）abridge.A.buildB.builtC.havebuiltD.bebuilding.D2.Sheseemedto____mebefore.A.bemeetingB.havemetC.havebeenmeetingB动词不定式有时态的变化！！常有进行时（不定式动作在持续）、完成时（在谓语动作之前完成）、完成进行时（在谓语动作之前已经开始并一直持续的动作）。3.Shedoesn’tliketo____(被表扬）inpublic.A.praiseB.bepraisingC.bepraisedC4.Thecoatistoolargeto____.A.wearB.bewornC.bewearingA动词不定式有被动语态（即逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时使用），但在以下四种情况中不定式主动表被动！！①在too(enough)…to结构中②在therebe结构中：e.g.Thereisalotofwork___________.todotoo+adj./adv.+todo**Youaretooyoungtounderstand．**Hewastoodrunktodrivehome.**Thecasewastooheavy（forher）tocarry.……+adj+enough+todosth.**youareoldenoughtosupportyourself.**Theicewasthickenoughtowalkon.③在形容词easy,difficult,hard,good,heavy等词后作状语时。e.g.Thenoveliseasytoread.Thebagisheavytocarryatthattime.④虽然不定式与修饰词之间有逻辑动宾关系，但如与另外一个名词或代词具备逻辑主谓关系，不定式亦用主动表被动意义。e.g.Pleasegivethechildrensomebookstoread.Ihavenothingtosay.动宾关系主谓三：动词不定式的省略问题：为了避免重复前面已经出现的动词，可以省去不定式中的动词及其宾语。e.g.–Wouldyouliketoseeourbaby?--I‘dloveto(seeyourbaby).省略！！！Iwanttomendyourradio,butIdon’tknow___________(如何修）？howtoTheboywanttoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthisfathertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoA四：不定式作定语需要加介词的情况：1.与它修饰的词有动宾关系，而该不定式中的动词又是不及物动词时，其后需加适当的介词以带逻辑宾语：e.g.Sheisaverynicepersontoworkwith.Thereisnothingto_____________(担心）.worryabout2.与修饰的词有动宾关系的不定式，虽动词是及物动词但已带有自己的宾语，其后需加适当的介词，以将不定式短语与其修饰的词连接起来。e.g.Hereisaboxtoputthingsin.动宾介宾=putthingsinabox.Jackistheverypersonto___________________(讨论这个问题）。discussthematterwith3.动词不定式修饰表地点的词如room,house,school等时，不定式需加适当的介词。e.g.Heislookingforahoteltostayat.Ihaveasmallroom________________(居住).tolivein注意：不定式所修饰的词表不定式动作发生的时间、方式时，常不加介词！！！e.g.It’stimetogetup.Thatwillbethebestwaytosolvetheproblem.4。不定式的时态Isawhimgoout.（同时或之后）I’msorrygladtobeworkingwithyou（进行）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.（之前）Practice:1.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.NoteatingB.toeatnotC.nottoeatD.eatingnotC2.Thelittletimewehavetogetherwetry___wisely.A.spendingB.tospenditC.tospendD.spendingthatB3.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidGeorgewastheperson____.A.tosendB.forsendingC.tosendittoD.forsendingittoC4.Therearefivepairs___,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingB5.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearule___.A.ToneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreakingB不定式不定式的作用1[例1]NMET2000第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…[例2]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式不定式的作用1因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故选B。不定式的时态和语态2[例3]NMET1997第12题Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式该