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1.定义2.转换3.人称变化4.时态变化5.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化6.Exercises2.时态不变情况1.时态变化情况一、定义：引述某人的话一般采取两种形式：一是原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话语不放在引号内，这叫做间接引语。直接引语一般前后加引号，间接引语不用加引号。间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。例如：Mr.Blacksaid:“I’mbusy.”布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”（直接引语）Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）二、转换1.陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow,”saidhe.Hesaid(that)hewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.2.一般疑问句如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，用if或weather连接，将疑问语序改为陈述语序，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“IsshefromAmerica?”hesaidtome.3.特殊疑问句如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，用特殊疑问词连接，将疑问语序改为陈述语序，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“WhenwillyougotoChongqing?”hesaidtome.HeaskedmewhenIwouldgotoChongqing.4.祈使句直接引语是祈使句时，变间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，作宾语补足语。原主句谓语动词say须改为ask,tell,order,等含有祈使意义的及物动词，构成ask/tell/ordersb.todosth.。例如：“Pleasesitdownandhavearest.”shesaidtous.→Sheaskedustositdownandhavearest.她让我们坐下来歇会。Theteachersaid:“Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.”→否定的祈使句在改为间接引语时，须在不定式to前加not。例如：“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,children!”shesaid.→Shetoldthechildrennottomakesomuchnoise.她叫孩子们别制造噪音。Theteachertoldustobecarefulwithourpronunciation.老师让我们注意发音。三、人称的变化：如果直接引语是第三者所说的话，或虽是自己所说的话，但听的人已经换了人，则人称要作相应的变化。如：Hesaid:“IwillgotoLondonbyair”→HesaidthathewouldgotoLondonbyair.他说他要乘飞机去伦敦。Itoldhim,“Idon’tagreewithyou.”→ItoldhimthatIdidnotagreewithhim.我告诉他我不赞同他。“whenwillwegotoChongqing?”hesaidtoher.→HeaskedherwhentheywouldgotoChongqing.“Youwillcomeheretomorrow,”shesaidtome.→ShetoldmethatIwouldgototherethenextday.四、时态的变化1.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如：直接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时canmaymustshallwill间接引语一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时couldmighthadto;mustshouldwould例句：Hesaid:“IamfromAmerica.”→HesaidthathewasfromAmerica.他说他来自美国。Hesaid:“Iamdoingmyhomework.”→Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.他说他正在做家庭作业。Shesaid:“Icanmanageitmyself.”→Shesaidthatshecouldmanageitherself.她说她可以自己做。“IfinishedtheworkandI’mtired,”hesaid.→Hesaidthathehadfinishedtheworkandhewastired.他说他完成了这工作，有点累了。a．主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，则间接引语和原直接引语的时态一样，不作改变。如Hesays,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”→Hesaysthathehasfinishedhishomework.他说他已经完成了家庭作业Shewillsay,“Iwilldoittomorrow.”→Shewillsaythatshe’lldoittomorrow.她会说她明天做。“I’mfromAmericaandIlikepopmusic,”saysTom.TomsaysthatheisfromAmericaandhelikepopmusic.2.时态不变的几种情况：b.有几种情况时，尽管主句的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词的时态也无须改变。①直接引语有表示纯属过去的时间状语时，间接引语一般可用一般过去时，而不用改为过去完成时。如：Hesaid,“IjoinedthePartyin1938.→HesaidthathejoinedthePartyin1938.他说他是1938年入的党。②所转述的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、格言等，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”→Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.他说熟能生巧。③有些情态动词，如must，need，oughtto等，无过去时，变间接引语时，可以不变。如：Hesaid,“Allmenmustdie.”→Hesaidthatallmenmustdie.他说所有人都会死。五、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化，如直接引语指示代词thisthese时间状语nowtodaythismorningtonightagotomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaythreedaysagonextweek地点状语here方向性动词bringcome间接引语thatthosethenthatdaythatmorningthatnightbeforethenextdaythedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforethreedaysbeforethenextweektheretakego例句：Hesaid,“IsawafilmyesterdayandI’llseeanothernextweek.”→Hesaidthathehadseenafilmthedaybeforeandthathewouldseeanotherthenextweek.他说他在前一天已经看过一场电影而且他下星期还要看另外一场电影。“Imethimthreedaysagoandhebroughtthesebookstome.”Marysaidtome.→MarytoldmeshehadmethimthreedaysbeforeandhehadtakenthoseBookstoher.Mary告诉我她三天前见过他,他当时给了她这些书.六、Exercise:1.“IwillgotoAmericanextyear,”shesaidtome.2.“Haveyouinvitedhertodinnertonight?”Tomsaidtome.3.“Howmuchmoneydidyoupayforthedriver?”Marysaidtohim.4.“Pleaseclosethedoor,”theteachersaidtothestudent.HetoldmethathewouldgotoAmericathenextyear.TomaskedmeifIhadinvitedhertodinnerthatnight.MaryaskedmehowmuchmoneyIhadpaidforthedriver.Theteacheraskedthestudenttoclosethedoor.5.“Whatareyoulookingfor?”Isaidtoher.Iaskedherwhatshewaslookingfor.6.“Pleasegoupstairstobringmeanumbrella,”hesaidtoJane.HeaskedJanetogoupstairstotakehimanumbrella.7.“Aren’tyoufromShanghai?“Isaidtoher.8.“Iwenttoseeadoctorlastnight,”hesaidtome.9.”Wearegoingtodoourhomeworkinyouroffice,”hesaidtome.10.“Howdoyoufindhislecture?”Hesaidtome.11.“ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavecometoChina,“hesaid.12.“Comeandsithere,”hesaidtome.IaskedherwhetherornotshewasfromShanghai.Hetoldmethathehadgonetoseeadoctorthenightbefore.Hetoldmetheyweregoingtodotheirhomeworkinmyoffice.HeaskedmehowIfoundhislecture.HesaidthatthatwashisfirsttimethathehadcometoChinaHeaskedmetogoandsitthere