生物信息学汇总教程 医学统计学 数据挖掘

MedicalInformaticsRepresentationandComputationonMedicalandHealthCareInformationMedicalInformatics•HealthrecordsinpaperProblems:•Highchancesofdamageofpatientrecords.•Automatedprocessingofrecordsisimpossible.•Increaseduseofelectronicmedia,devices.Advantages:•Lesschancesofdamage,easeofmaintenance.•Datainsertionandretrievalissimple.•Easilyinteroperable.•Migrationofhealthcareindustrytoelectronicdomain.TargetedatDesignandDevelopmentofInformationSystemforMedicalScienceandTechnologyHealthCareServicesBusinessworldinvolvinghealthcareHealthCareInformaticsInternetSuppliers’EnterpriseSystems•Pharmacies•Medicalsuppliers•InsuranceprovidersProviders’EnterpriseSystems•ERP•GDSS•DSS•CDSSPhysiciansAndSpecialistsPatientsEXTRANETSINTRANETSPRMSrc:K.Siau,“HealthCareInformatics”,IEEEtrans.OnInfo.Tech.InBiomedicine,7(1),March,2003,pp.1-7EnterpriseResourcePlanningFullintegrationofanorganization'sinformationfrompay-rollandhumanresourcestoaccountingandfinance.Databaseintegration(InformationSharing)Informationloggedonceandaccessedbydifferentmodulesmaintainingthedataconsistency.Trackinventory,orderinformationanddeliveryrequirementsDetermineequipmentusageandmaintenancescheduleDecisionSupportSystem(DSS)ConventionalDSS:financialandscheduling.ClinicalDSS(CDSS):diagnosis,pharmacy,emergencyandnursingpractices.CDSSusedtosendalertsandreminderstopatientsaboutpreventivecare.PatientRelationshipManagement(PRM)Primaryfocusondeterminingandmeetingpatients'needs.Trackingpatients’informationfromdietandexercisedatatopastdiagnosisinformationfromfamilyhistoryandallergyinformation.SendE-mailssatisfyingqueries,informingnewlypublishedhealthcarestudiesandremindingaboutpreventivemeasures.MedicalInformaticsandTele-consultation•Inearlydaystele-consultationmeans•Sendingallhardcopiesofpatientrecords.•takessignificantamountoftime.•Sendthepatienttoaremotecenter.•nearlyimpossibleforemergencypatient.•Usingmedicalinformaticstele-consultationmeans•Sendingthemedicalrecordsonly.•Mostofthetime,noneedtosendthepatient.•Onlineconsultationamongdoctors.•Largescopeofknowledgesharing.StandardsHL7:HealthLevelSeven.Itisaninternationalhealthcarestandardformedicaldataexchangebetweencomputersystemsinhealthcare.:LogicalObservationIdentifiersNamesandCodes.Theseidentifythetestresultsorclinicalobservationsuniquely.:InternationalStatisticalClassificationofDiseasesandRelatedHealthProblems.ICDprovidescodestoclassifydiseasesandawidevarietyofsigns,symptomsetc.Everyhealthconditioncanbeassignedtoauniquecategoryandgivenacode.:ICD-10ProcedureCodingSystem.ThisisasystemofmedicalclassificationusedforproceduralcodeswhichisdevelopedasareplacementofICD-9-CMvolume3(containsinpatientprocedures).DICOM:DigitalImagingandCommunicationsinMedicine.Thisisastandardforhandling,storing,printing,andtransmittinginformationonmedicalimaging.|^~\&|REGAEVN|A05|199901PID|1||191919^NK1|1|MASSIE^ENK1|2|MASSIE^I…HL7MessageStructureEventMessage1MessageNSeg1SegNField1Field1Comp1CompNTerminatedbyCRSeparatedby'|'Separatedby'^'MessageEncodingSequenceofsegmentsseparatedby'|'CompulsoryandoptionalsegmentsSegmentsassequenceoffieldsseparatedby'^'CompulsoryandoptionalfieldsAfieldisdescribedbyadatatype(e.g.ADdata-typedenotinganAddress)MSH|^~\&|Clinic||Central|Reg|||ADT^A01|MSG00005|P|2.3EVN|A01|199601051530PID|||2-687005||Evans^Carolyn||19620324|F|||903DianeCircle^^Phoenixville^PA^19460||(610)555–1212|(610)555–1212||S|C||156–96–2542PV1||E|Emergency||||0148^Addison^James|||SURAnexampleofHL7messageforpatientadmission1.MessageHeader(i)From:Clinic(ii)To:Central2.Event(i)Date:1996-01-05(ii)Time:15:303.PatientIdentification(i)InternalPatientIDNumber:2-687005(ii)FamilyName:Evans(iii)GivenName:Carolyn(iv)BirthDate:1962-03-24(v)Sex:FAdmit/VisitNotification3.PatientIdentification(contd.)(vi)StreetAddress:903DianeCircle(vii)City:Phoenixville(viii)StateofProvince:PA(ix)ZiporPostalCode:19460(x)Phone(Home):(610)555–1212(xi)Phone(Office):[phone](xii)MaritalStatus:S(xiii)Religion:C(xiv)SocialSecurityNumber:156-96-25424.PatientVisit(i)PatientClass:E(ii)PointofCare:Emergency(iii)AttendingDoctor'sID:0148(iv)FamilyName:Addison(v)GivenName:James(vi)HospitalService:SURAdmit/VisitNotification(Contd.)FileasReferencePointer(RP)ofOBXMSH|^~\&|TELEMEDICINE||TELEMEDICINE||200808141246||ORU^R01|SUR|P|2.4|EVN|R01|200808141246|PID|||SUR05032008000||Mandal^Pulin^Bihari||198003050000|M|||Block-D^VSRC,IITKharagpur^Kharagpur^WestBengal^721302^India|91|754123||||Hindu|NK1|1|SumitaMandal|Mother|Parikpur,HansdaWestMidnapore|OBR|4|||ZIITKGP9903^PatientImages^HL7IITKGP|||200808141246|OBX||RP|ZIITKGP9903-1^Samplebloodslide^HL7IITKGP||SUR0503200800005032008BLD00.JPG^TELEMEDIK2005^IM||||||X|||20080209||||||20080305|OBX||RP|ZIITKGP9903-2^RoutineBloodtestsandGrouping{Blood