103数据库相关技术基础

200340002006169OracleGridComputingOLAPOLAPDataResourceManagement2050///3-13-12050603-23-21.2.3.1.2.3.4.5.2060DatabaseManagementSystemDBMS3-33-33-312.3.DBMSDBMSDBMSDBMS4.VBVCJAVA5.6.7.1Entity03046749002209997932.Attribute3Domain{}4EntitySet5.Key6.Relation7Data8InformationStructureTypeValue03046749002()1.Field2.Record03046749002209997933-13-103046749002209997933.File3-43-44.Database3-53-5Adaptedfrom,MichaelV.Mannino,DatabaseApplicationDevelopmentandDesignBurrRidge,IL:McGraw-Hill/Irwin,2001,p.6.3-63-6:3-73-71.DBMS2.:1DatabaseManagementSystemDBMSDBMSDDLDDLDBMSDMLDMLDBMS2DBMS3DBMS43.1DatabaseAdministratorDBA241./ExternalSchema(Schema)(InternalSchema)3-83-81ExternalSchemaSubSchemaDBMSDDL2SchemaConceptualSchemaDBMSDDL3InternalSchemaStorageSchema,DBMSDDL2.DBMS1///2///DBMS1.objecttypesettype2.3.ConceptualDataModel(LogicalDataModel)(PhysicalDataModel)1.ConceptualDataModelE-R1976—Entity-RelationshipApproachE-RE-RE-R—E-RE-RDBMSE-RE-RE-RE-RE-Rone-to-oneone-to-manymany-to-many1one-to-oneABABBAABBA“”“1:1”“”3-93-92one-to-manyABBAAB1:nn=13-103-103many-to-manyABBAABBAm:nm=13-113-113-12E-R3-12E-R3-133-13E-RE-RismemberofE-RispartofAggregationE-RissubsetofE-RE-RE-RE-RE-R3-14E-R3-14E-R2.(LogicalDataModel)HierarchicalDataModelNetworkDataModelRelationalDataModelObject-OrientedDataModel3.(PhysicalDataModel)208020701.2.SelectProjectJoinDivideUnionIntersectionDifferenceQueryInsertDeleteUpdateset-at-timerecord-at-timeDBMSDBADBMSSQLStructuredQueryLanguageSQL3.1.1Relation3-23-20000092001200000092002180000092003190000092004200000092005192Tuple3Attribute4Domain{}1~1505Arity6Cardinality7PrimaryKey8RelationMode12n3-29ForeignKey10PrimaryAttribute11Non-PrimaryAttribute2.100100()()RA1A2AnRUXYUXYYXXYXYXXYYXXYYXXYRXY11XYYXX↔Y↔XY1nYXXYXYmnXYRRXYRXXXYYXXP→YYXXF→YXXXYXF→YXYYYZXXYYXYX1NF2NF3NFBCNFBoyceCoddNormalFormBCNF11stNormalForm1NFRRR1NF1NF3-33-317022104(123)22ndNormalForm2NFR1NFRRR2NF.1NF2NF2NF2NF33thNormalForm3NFR2NFRRR3NFSD)2NF2NF3NFSD3NFSD4BCNFBoyceCoddNormalFormBCNFR1NFR()RBCNFRBCNFRBCNFR3NFBCNF3NF2NFNF3-153-15BCNF()DataWarehouseOLTPOnlineTransactionProcessing208090OLAPOnlineAnalyticalProcessingDSSDecisionSupportSystemDataWarehouseWilliamH.Inmon1992(BuildingtheDataWarehouseSubjectOrientedIntegrateNon-VolatileTimeVariant1.2.3.4.3-163-163-16HTML/CurrentDetailDataOlderDetailDataLightlySummarizedDataHighlySummarizedDataMetaData3-173-17OLAPOLAPOLAPOLAP1.2.3.OLAPDataMiningDataMining~100858687888990919293949596979899100800080001000010000AB60%300060%31.RLL=2R22.ID3InteractiveDichotomicVersion3ClassificationandRegressionTreeCARTC4.53.Self-OrganizingMaps,SOMs4.GeneticAlgorithmGA5.OLAPOLAPOLAPOLAP1.2.3.OLAPDataResourceManagementDatabaseManagementSystemDBMSEntityAttributeDomainEntitySetKeyRelationTypeValueFieldRecordPrimaryKeyForeignKeyPrimaryAttributeNon-PrimaryAttributeRelationModeDDLDMLDatabaseAdministratorDBAExternalSchemaSchemaInternalSchemaEntity-RelationshipApproachE-RDataWarehouseOLTPOnlineTransactionProcessingOLAPOnlineAnalyticalProcessingDataMining1.2.3.4.5.