54大学英语四级词汇串讲p

课程结构四级改革．动词词组与短语相关练习形近词同义词近义词比较背单词，四级考点四级词汇分段记忆记忆单词的方法与捷径科学背单词I.关于四级的改革2005年6月18日是旧题型的最后一次考试2006年1月和6月不是试点院校的学院还参加旧题型的考试。2007年1月正式的四级改革开始实行词汇与结构改革后不直接考了,而在阅读、听力、写作、完型等题型中去考“如果没有语法就很难表达思想，那么，没有词汇就什么也不能表达。”----D.A.Wilkins词汇是语言的建筑材料，是学习语言的根本（听、说、读、写、译）。改革后的新试题，题量大，阅读量大，需要掌握的词汇量也大。无论考不考词汇，单词都必须背!BACKII.如何背单词、四级考点4200-4500个单词及这些词构成的常用词组(1000左右)背单词的过程中要抓住四级出题规律，背诵高频词汇。非核心:1800-2000单词(中学已经掌握)核心:常出现的是2000-2500个单词BACK•四级词汇分段记忆1.出现频率特别高（10个字母）a:ab-/ac-/ad-/as-/at-s:su-/st-t:trans-/te-/tr-c:con-/com-/col-/cor-/co-r:re-i:im-/in-/il-/ir-contributionlegal—illegalregular--irregularabandon,access,addition,attention,assist,addresstransfer,transform,transportpolite—impolitepatient—impatientport—importaccurate--inaccurateb:p:-pro/-pree:-ex/-end:-de/-dis2.从来不考的z:/x:/q:j:justify(从来没被选中过)y:yield(yieldto屈服，让步)k:(考过3次)3.其它单词可放在阅读中记忆BACKprogress(‘walk’)preview(‘see’)exportexitrich-enrichlarge-enlargeable-enabledanger-endangertitle-entitledisagreedistribute科学背单词1)花大量时间记忆单词----“重复是记忆之母”每天至少背100个单词，分成三段1)认知单词（30秒内能反应出单词意思）2)学会单词拼写3)直达词义，不用再切换到汉语意思7天一个时间段第一天背100个，第二天复习前100个，再加上新单词100个—200个第七天就不用再记新的单词了，仔细复习前6天的单词一个月左右2500左右重点单词就可以背下来了！2)在阅读中巩固和复习单词e.g.waterabottleofwaterTherearemanywatersinthisarea.Thegardenneedswatering.WhenIsawdeliciousfood,Iwatered.employDuringtheexamination,youcan’temployyourdictionary.BACKＶ．流口水Theworldarelikeeels.Theyaretooslipperytobekeptinourmemory.背单词的捷径1.编故事记单词e.g.(1)scream(2)innocent(3)family(4)qualityquantity(5)adoptadapt(6)ash/bush/cash/abash/crash/clash/smash(7)euthanasia惊声尖叫无辜的，清白的Fatherandmother,Iloveyou.质量数量采纳，领养适应碰撞，撞击（飞机）坠毁惭愧打碎，变成碎片安乐死2.词根、词缀记忆法1)able:e.g.enable,unable,ability,capable2)act:todo,todrivee.g.action,actor,actress,active,activity,activate,actual,exact,reactor,interact,transaction3)part:toseparatee.g.parcel,partly,partial,partner,party,participate,participant,particle,particular,apart,apartment,department,compartment,departdis-:dislike,disgust,distaste,disorder,distributeen-:enable,entitle,enrich,enlargeim-/-in:con-/-com-ir/-il常见的后缀：-ize:realize,recognize-ify:identify,justify,classify,personify,satisfy-ate(v.):coordinate,illustrate-tion(n.):contribution,implication,imagination,illustration-sion(n.):discussion-ment(n.):treatment,establishment-ity:prosperity,identity(IDcard)-ee:employee-er:employersecretarydiseasecommitteetestee/testerbigamy3.意群记忆1）“物质世界”物质的最小成分：atom,particle宇宙太空：universe,solar,lunar最小单位基因：protein,gene,cell水生动物：fish,shellfish爬行动物：reptile,insect飞行动物：bird哺乳动物：mammal猿类：monkey2)“人类社会”皇家：royalty,dynasty,dictator贵族：nobleman,landlord政府：government,official,administrate选举：election,vote立法：congress,assembly,legislative动荡：disorder,uprising,revolution警察：police,officer监狱：jail,prison武装：army,armedforces战争：war,weapon,surrender,defeat,victory和平：peace,treaty大家可以随时随地根据某一信息联想记忆单词，比如：一个人骑车走在街上就可以联想到：bicycle,truck,car,vehicle,bus,traffic(jam,light),rushhours,highway,freeway,zebralines,cement,sidewalk,underpass,road,passenger,shops,fence等一个人到医院又能联想到：hospital,doctor,nurse,ward,medicine,cure,treatment,injection,illness,clinic等。4.记忆单词生活化robustrejoicewithdraw/deposit/accountingredient/salt/sugar/pepper/vegetableoilbreezeBuckleup,please.III.同义词、近义词含义比较1.固定词伙关系（固定搭配/约定成俗）看书read看电视watch看电影see看黑板lookat学知识:learnknowledge学:possess/acquire/obtain/gain/master知识:skill/intellectualdepth/perspective/horizon/insight/wisdom×(1)Owingto_____competitionamongtheairlines,travelexpenseshavebeenreducedconsiderably.A.fierceBeagerCstrainedDcriticalfierce(动作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定词伙关系是：fiercecompetitioneager:热中,渴望strained:紧崩的，拉紧的critical:一起搭配的常用becriticalof“对…进行批评,挑剔”Thedirectorwascritical______thewayweweredoingthework.AatBinCofDwith相当大地Apierce：v.猛戳，猛刺入strain：要求超过极限所造成的紧张。tension:紧绷的状态或紧张的局势2.包含关系(A包含B，选A)(2)Hiswifeisconstantlyfinding______withhim,whichmakeshimveryangry.AerrorsBshortcomingsCfaultDflawerrors:mistakes/sth.donewronglyfault:错(人的性格、行为或习惯上的缺点)shortcomings:(反:merits)指在学校老师作评语时给出的优缺点。flaw:指物体或材料上的瑕疵C3.指代关系(3)Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich_____thetraffic.AsetbackBstoodbackCheldupDkeptdownSetback:推迟、推延、阻碍（时间概念上的）setabout+doing着手、开始做某事setout+todo着手、开始做某事setdown:takedown/putdown/writedownsetoff:出发，离开，起程=setoutsetup安装，创立，建立setaside把…留出holdup支撑、推迟、推延、阻碍(具体概念上的)standback后退keepdown控制Havingdecidedtorentaflat,we___contactingalltheaccommodationagenciesinthecity.AsetaboutBsetoutCsetdownDsetupThecontinuousrain___theharvestingofwheatcropbytwoweeks.C4.词性(4)Manydifficultieshave_______asaresultofthechangeovertoanewtypeoffuel.ArisenBarisenCraisedDarrived不及物动词及物动词“提高，提升，饲养，抚养”raisetheflagraisechildren太阳、旗帜、水位等的上升（具体概念）指抽象概念（问题、麻烦、新的局面等）的一种出现B四级词汇里还有一个表示“上升”的词：soar(通常表示毫不费劲地上升到很高的高度)5.词根、词缀的关系(5)Thereweresome______flowersonthetable.AartificialBunnaturalCfalseDunrealartificial:人造的，人为的(artifactn.人工制品，加工品)artificiallegartificialleather(genuineleather)unnatural:形容人的行为举止不自然；不正常的abirdofunnaturalsizefalse:假（具有欺骗性的）falsepassport/falsehair/falseteethunreal:虚幻的（不是真实世界所拥有的）unrealworldAMorepractice(6)Thisticket_____youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.AgivesBgrantsCentitlesDcreditsgivesb.sth.givesth.tosb.1)grantsb.sth正式授予e.g.Shegrantedmeo