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A1121030508099345BUNCcrβ265Addi’s15Addi’s1250Addi’s12100Addi’s12.571ml2ml5ml10ml20ml8510102105910111.0/24h12L3090%5090909018099360991390%95%97%99%100%1419120.8g/dBP120/80mmHgScr92μmol/LIgA1516172822012kPa100±/HP++Hb130g/LScr300μmol/L18282125/80mmHgPr+++15~20/HPScr120μmol/L1pro++RBC20±/HPScr140μmol/LABCIgADEIgA19253140/95mmHgPr++20~25/HPScr230μmol/LB600μmol/LABCDE2032159ABCDE222824h0.7gBABCCTMRIDEX2362BABCDE242060mg/d8AB8CDE25ABCDE26AB7~12CDE271857++++Scr350μmol/LABCDE28152Pr++++5.0g/L01/HP30g/L6.0mmol/LC3ABCDE]292IgA828A1BCDE30371A50%BCIgMC3DE31243.532333423111520mg/d16821020135ARBACE-I3637RPGNARPGNANCAB50%CIgMDERPGNRPGN38552RPGNScr955μmol/L13.5mmol/L150ml480mg/d3ABCDE39A0.3g/kgB0.4g/kgC0.5g/kgD0.6g/kgE0.7g/kg40ABβCIgGDNAGEIgM41ABCDE42A1.5B1.8.C2.0D2.2E2.54312378%Pr+ABCIgADE44ABCDE45__A50%B60%C70%D80%E90%46A.B.C.D.E.47A.B.C.D.E.DN48A.B.C.D.E.49A.B.C.D.E.50A.B.C.D.E.51A.B.10C.D.E.52A.B.C.D.E.5364151++++++A.B.C.D.E.54708.3mmol/L+~++0-5A.B.C.D.E.555810300mg/24hA.B.C.D.E.56A.B.C.D.E.57WHOA.IIIB.VIC.IVD.IIE.V58A.B.C.1D.E.30mg/59A.AB.C.D.E.60A.B.C.D.E.611720-302-5+80%A.B.IgAC.D.E.621515-20/1-3/±75%A.B.C.D.E.63:A200~250mg/min/1.73m2150~200mg/min/1.73m2B250~300mg/min/1.73m2200~250mg/min/1.73m2C300~350mg/min/1.73m2250~350mg/min/1.73m2D300~450mg/min/1.73m2250~350mg/min/1.73m2E400~550mg/min/1.73m2350~450mg/min/1.73m264303.0mmol/LCO2CP15mmol/L108mmol/LAGpH7.0ABCDE652++CO2CP17mmol/LpH5.518%ABCDEFanconi66496.0mmol/L110mmol/LpH5.53%45ml/minABCDE6735215-20/HP5-10/HP++BA.B.C.D.E.68A.B.C.D.E.69A.15B.20C.7D.3E.307052102g/24hA.B.C.D.E.71A.B.C.D.E.722541A.B.BC.D.E.736851A.B.C.D.BE.74586125-35/HP5-7/HP±A.B.C.D.E.7540ml100ml200ml400ml500ml76ABCDE77ABCDE7823ABCDE79ABCDE80ABCpHDE81426.8mmol/LABCDE82ABCDE83___mg/dl1mg/dl=88.4mol/LA0.5B1C1.5D2E2.584ABCDE857812A50mlB100mlC150mlD200mlE400ml86423500ml800mlScr5Scr98μmol/L569μmol/L85~95/55~60mmHgHR110~130/ABCDE87ABCDE88AB89ABCDE90ABCDE91ARFABCDE92ABCDE93GFR____A5~10ml/minB10~15ml/minC20~30ml/minD30~40ml/minE40~50ml/min94ABCDE95ABCDE96ABCDE97CO2CP____A12mmol/LB13.5mmol/LC15mmol/LD16.5mmol/LE18mmol/L98LPDABCDE99AB.CDE100372312/3kPaHb40g/LCO2CP18mmol/LABCDE101ABCDE102ABCDE103ABCDE1047822051225/14kPa5×1012/L5.5mmol/LScr890μmol/LCO2CP16mmol/LAB.D.CAPDE105573031BP26/15kPa++Scr1200μmol/LHb56g/LCa2+2.0mmol/LP3+2.3mmol/LCO2CP18mmol/LABCDE.106362Hb68g/LABCDEVitB121072818/4kPa6.8mmol/L45/AB5%C10%DE108ABCDE109A.B.C.D.E.110A.B.C.D.+E.+111A.B.C.D.E.112A.B.C.D.E.113A.B.C.D.E.114A.B.C.D.E.115A.B.C.D.E.116A.B.C.D.E.117A.B.C.D.E.118A.B.C.D.E./119A.B.C.D.E.120A.B.B12C.D.β2-E.121A.B.C.D.E.122A.B.C.D.E.123A.B.C.D.E.124A.B.C.D.E.125A.B.C.D.E.126451600ml400mg250~400ml/d3120/75mmHg90μmol/L3390μmol/L6.8mmol/LpH7.29A.B.C.D.E.12767100/65mmHg110/190μmol/L4.5Lmmol/LpH7.33PO262mmHgPCO240mmHgA.B.C.D.E.128381000mlA.B.C.D.E.129A.B.C.D.E.130A.B.C.D.E.131A.B.C.D.E.132A.B.C.D.E.133A.B.C.D.CD4/CD8E.134___%___%A20%40%B15%40%C40%15%D40%20%E20%15%135ABCDE136AH+-NH4+BNa+-K+CNa+-H+DCl--HCO3-EK+-Na+-2Cl-137ABUCDE138800mmol3ABCDEHCO3-139APhBpHCDE140ABCDE141ApH5.5BpHCDEHCO3-142ABCDHCO3100%EHCO31431mmol/L____mmHg1mOsmA12B17C22D25E2814440~50mmol/kg____A20%B30%C40%D50%E60%1455%1L_____ml0.9%1L______mlA75200B100200C200500D500500E5001000146ABCDE147Na+110115mmol/L_______mmol/LA4110~120B6120~125C6125~130D8130~135E8135148_____mmol/L/hA1B1.5C2D2.5E5149ABCDE150ABCNa+DNa+E151ABCDE152192BP90/55mmHgHR105bpm30/Na+125mmol/LK+2.9mmol/LCl-90mmol/LA500ml+10%KCl15ml+10%KCl10ml+10%KCl10ml706153467pH7.30PCO245mmHgPO2100mmHgHCO3-17mmol/LABCDE154AACEI--B5.5mmol/LCDE1555014/8kPa+135mmol/L3.0mmol/L108mmol/LpH7.31PaCO24.0kPa30mmHgBE-15mmol/LA10%B5%C5%D5%E7.26%THAM15645CO2CP12mmol/L5%500ml160mmol/LApH7.35~7.38[HCO3-]20~22mmol/LBpH7.30~7.35[HCO3-]18~20mmol/LCpH7.25~7.30[HCO3-]15~18mmol/LDpH7.20~7.25[HCO3-]10~15mmol/LEpH7.10~7.00[HCO3-]4.5~7mmol/L1576820%250ml6h1ABCDE15830pH7.30PaCO28.6kPa65mmHgBE+15mmol/LABCDE159A4-year-oldchildwiththenephroticsyndrome,themostlikelyfindingonrenalbiopsyshouldbe:A.FocalandsegmentalareasofmesangialsclerosisB.Diffusemesangialdepositionofacidophilicmaterialwithyellow-greenbirefringenceonDongoredstainingC.Normalglomerulionlightmicroscopy(LM)withfusionoffootprocessesnotedonLMwithsubepithelialdensedepositesonEMD.DiffusethickeningoftheglomerularbasementmembraneonLMwithsubepithelialdensedepositesonEME.Hypercellular,leadingtoalobularappearance,adoublecontouringofGMBcanbeobtained.160A70yearwomenhasusuallyfeltinertiaandherfacehasbeoftenswollenfor1year.Herpre-mealbloodglucosewas8.3mmol/L.Urineroutineexaminationshowedprotin+~++,leucocyte0-5/HP.ExaminationofFundusoculishowedRetinamicroangiopathy.Thediagnosismaybe:A.diabeticnephropathyB.renalarteriolosclerosisC.chronicpyelonephritisD.chronicglomerulonephritisE.noneofall161Thesensitiveparameterusedtodiagnosisdiabeticnephropathyearlierwas:A.UrineproteinB.BloodcreatinineC.UrinetracealbuminD.UrineglucoseE.endogenouscreatinineclearancerate162Whichwasnotthechroniclesionoflupusnephritis?A.CellularcrescentformationB.FibercrescentformationC.Glomerulosclerosis