英美文学术语解释

Postmodernismistheexpressionofthoughtandcultureinart,literature,philosophyandpoliticsinadvancedcapitalistperiod.“Post-”of“Postmodernism”istheinheritanceandreactionto“modernism”.PostmodernismwasoriginallyusedbyartistsandcriticsinNewYorkinthe1960sandthenemployedbyEuropeantheoristsinthe1970s.Oncethiswritingenteredonthestageofhistory,ithasbroughtusnotonlytechniquessuchasparody,fragmentation,pastiche,collage,allegory,irony,playfulness,metafiction,butalsointertextualityinhistory,philosophy,sociology,etc..英美文学名词解释(2013-06-2916:58:29)转载▼标签：转载原文地址：英美文学名词解释作者：kiwi01.Humanism(人文主义)HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.2itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.02.Renaissance(文艺复兴)Theword“Renaissance”means“rebirth”,itmeantthereintroductionintowestermEuropeofthefullculturalheritageofGreeceandRome.2theessenceoftheRenaissanceisHumanism.Attitudesandfeelingswhichhadbeencharacteristicofthe14thand15thcenturiespersistedwelldownintotheeraofHumanismandreformation.3therealmainstreamoftheenglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandramawithwilliamshakespearebeingtheleadingdramatist.03.Metaphysicalpoetry(玄学派诗歌)Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.2witharebelliousspirit,theMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.3thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicalperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.4theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.04.Classcism(古典主义)Classcismreferstoamovementortendencyinart,literature,ormusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancientGreeceandRome.Classicismemphasizesthetraditionalandtheuniversal,andplacesvalueonreason,clarity,balance,andorder.Classicism,withitsconcernforreasonanduniversalthemes,istraditionallyopposedtoRomanticism,whichisconcernedwithemotionsandpersonalthemes.05.Enlightenment(启蒙运动)EnlightenmentmovementwasaprogressivephilosophicalandartisticmovementwhichflourishedinfranceandsweptthroughwesternEuropeinthe18thcentury.2themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissancefrom14thcenturytothemid-17thcentury.3itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas.4itcelebratedreasonorrationality,equalityandscience.Itadvocateduniversaleducation.5famousamongthegreatenlightenersinenglandwerethosegreatwriterslikeAlexanderpope.Jonathanswift.etc.06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)Inthefieldofliterature,theenlightenmentmovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.2thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.TheNeoclassicistsheldthatformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRomanwriterssuchasHomerandVirgilandthoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones.3theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.07.TheGraveyardSchool(墓地派诗歌)TheGraveyardSchoolreferstoaschoolofpoetsofthe18thcenturywhosepoemsaremostlydevotedtoasentimentallamentationormeditationonlife.Pastandpresent,withdeathandgraveyardasthemes.2ThomasGrayisconsideredtobetheleadingfigureofthisschoolandhisElegywritteninacountrychurchyardisitsmostrepresentativework.08.Romanticism(浪漫主义)1Inthemid-18thcentury,anewliterarymovementcalledromanticismcametoEuropeandthentoEngland.2Itwascharacterizedbyastrongprotestagainstthebondageofneoclassicism,whichemphasizedreason,orderandelegantwit.Instead,romanticismgaveprimaryconcerntopassion,emotion,andnaturalbeauty.3Inthehistoryofliterature.Romanticismisgenerallyregardedasthethoughtthatdesignatesaliteraryandphilosophicaltheorywhichtendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllifeandexperience.4TheEnglishromanticperiodisanageofpoetrywhichprevailedinEnglandfrom1798to1837.ThemajorromanticpoetsincludeWordsworth,ByronandShelley.09.ByronicHero(拜伦式英雄)Byronicheroreferstoaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.2withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers,thisByronicHerowouldcarryonhisshoulderstheburdenofrightingallthewrongsinacorruptsociety.Andwouldrisesingle-handedlyagainstanykindoftyrannicalruleseitheringovernment,inreligion,orinmoralprincipleswithunconquerablewillsandinexhaustibleenergies.3Byron’schiefcontributiontoEnglishliteratureishiscreationofthe“ByronicHero”10.CriticalRealism(批判现实主义)CriticalRealismisatermappliedtotherealisticfictioninthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.2Itmeansthetendencyofwritersandintellectualsintheperiodbetween1875and1920toapplythemethodsofrealisticfictiontothecriticismofsocietyandtheexaminationofsocialissues.3Realistwriterswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeopleanddescribedwhatwasfaithfultoreality.4CharlesDickensisthemostimportantcriticalrealist.11.Aestheticism（美学主义）ThebasictheoryoftheAestheticmovement---“artforart’ssake”wassetforthbyaFrenchpoet,TheophileGautier,thefirstEnglishmanwhowroteaboutthetheoryofaestheticismwasWal