搜索
北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试2010.11PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswersheet.Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,thestudyofoldthings.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs,butarchaeologists(考古学家)learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon'tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly--thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory-normally,thebacteria(细菌)intheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent.In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup--walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout--ahumanfoot!Naturally,themencalledthepolice,whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?Possibly--butitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans--thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman'sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!Whywasthismansowellpreserved?(76)Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefromthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman'sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes.Howdidhedie?Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled,LindowMan.(77)Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn'tdoneheavymanualworkinhislifehecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn'tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods.第1题Whichlanguagedoesthewordarchaeologycomefrom?A.French.B.Greek.C.Roman.D.German.答案：B第2题Thewordtheseinthefirstparagraphrefersto_______.A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects答案：D第3题WhichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserveLindowMan?A.Iceandlowtemperature.B.Bacteriaandoxygen.C.Soilandenergy.D.Acidandwater.答案：D第4题Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.LindowManwasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.B.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.C.LindowManwasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland.D.LindowManwasgoodatmanualwork.答案：B第5题Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatIsArchaeology?B.ArchaeologyandHistoryC.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscoveryD.TheDeathofLindowMan答案：CThecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodemPads,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodemart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.Andyet,citylifeisn'teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs(损害)ourbasicmentalprocesses.(78)Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit'slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiesactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone(里程碑).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we'recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofstrangers.Inrecentyears,it'sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble(涉足)inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.(79)Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervadetyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.第6题Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople.B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain.C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits.D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance.答案：B第7题Thewordmetropolisinthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_______.A.citizenB.natureC.cityD.stress答案：C第8题Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat_______.A.humanattentionisascarceresourceB.citylifecanmakep