US 6 American Education System

L/O/G/OUS6AmericanEducationSystemAmericansareproudofthefactthatthewindowofknowledgeisneverslammedshutforanyofthenation’scitizens.Childrenareallowedtoattendclasseswithkidsofvariousraces;schoolshaveequalopportunitiesforbothmales&females,&forchildrenwithdisabilitiesorhandicaps.Noweach&everystudentcangetanequalchancetobeeducated.GeneralIntroductionTheEducationalLadderKindergartenElementaryschoolHighschoolCollegeAmericansviewtheirpublicschoolsystemasaneducationalladder:Pre-CollegeThephilosophyoftheEducationalLadder•TheeducationalladderconceptisanalmostperfectreflectionoftheAmericanidealofindividualsuccessbasedonequalityofopportunityandon“workingyourwaytothetop.”•Individualsmayclimbashighontheladderastheycan.Theabilitiesoftheindividuals,ratherthantheirsocialclass,areexpectedtodeterminehowhigheachpersonwillgo.DayCare(日托)CenterNurserySchoolKinder-gartenEarlyChildhoodEducationPreschoolsPreschoolAllschoolsystemsintheUShave12yearsofelementary,middleschoolandseniorhighschool.+ElementaryschoolHighschool6yearsSeniorhighschoolJuniorhighschool4years2yearsJuniorhighschool:Adifficultperiodformanychildrenduetotheonsetofpuberty青春期•TheAmericaneducationsystemrequiresthatstudentscomplete12yearsofprimary&secondaryeducationpriortoattendingauniversityorcollege.•Thismaybeaccomplishedeitheratpublicschools,oratprivateschools.•These12yearsofschoolingmayalsobecompletedoutsidetheUSA,thusgivingforeignstudentstheopportunitytopursuethebenefitsoftheAmericaneducationsystem&obtainaqualityAmericaneducation.PublicEducationAmericanpublicschoolshave4basiccharacteristicsincommon:locallycontrolled,freefromreligiousinfluence,coeducationalpubliclysupportedbytaxes.TheSchoolBusbachelor’sdegree,orcollegediploma2yearsofstudyatacommunitycollegeAssociatedegreeGraduatestudiesMaster’sdegreeanddoctoraldegreecollegeAfterhighschool,themajorityofstudentsgoontocollege.Undergraduatestudies•Thetuitionforassociatedegreeprogramsatcommunitycollegesistypicallymuchlessthanata4-yearcollegeoruniversity,evenapublicone.ThereforemanyAmericanstudentschoosetoattendaUScommunitycollegefor2yearsasawayofloweringthecostofgettingabachelor’sdegree.•Studentswithassociatedegreesfromaccreditedcommunitycollegesorjuniorcollegescantransferintotheir3rdyearata4-yearuniversityorcollege.•UnderUS$3,000--US$20,000,CommunitycollegeCommunitycollege•Manydifferenttypesofstudentsstudyatcommunitycolleges.Manystudentsareadultswithchildrenandsometimeswithgrandchildren.•Thecommunitycollegeservesthecommunityandanyonewholivesnearbymaygo.•Aftertheyreceiveanassociatedegree,theymaythengotoacollegeoruniversityfortwomoreyearstogetthebachelor’sdegree.•Theyarenearlyalwayspubliclyfunded,bythestate,county,orcitygovernments.Whatarethedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenauniversityandacollege?collegeuniversity•Muchlarger•Severaldifferentcollegesinit•Fouryearsforundergraduates•AdmitstudentswithahighschooldiplomaNograduateorprofessionalprogramsHowdoauniversityoracollegegetmoneyforitsexpenses?AprivatelyfundedoneGetmoneyfromthestategovernmentFundedbyareligiousgroupTheyarefundedinoneofthefollowingthreeways.ApubliclyfundedoneGetmoneyfromprivatesourcesPublicorPrivate•MostcollegestudentsintheUSarein“public”institutions,andonlyaminorityarein“private”ones.•Theoldest,andinsomewaysthemostprestigious,collegesareprivate,foundedpartlyfromendowments,andpartlybycontributionsfrombusinessandaboveall,formerstudents.•Questions:–WhattestsshouldAmericanhighschoolstudentstakeiftheywanttoapplyforacollegeorauniversity?–WhattestsshouldAmericanuniversitystudentstakeiftheywanttofurthertheireducationinagraduateschool?–Besidestestscores,arethereanyotherthingsimportantwhenapplyingforacollegeoragraduateschoolinAmerica?•InAmerica,thereisn’tauniversalexamforenrollingacollegeorauniversity,becausedifferentuniversitieshavedifferentrequirements.•Inthelastyearofhighschool,thestudentshavetoapplyseveralschoolsandtaketheexamsofeachschoolrespectively.HarvardUniversityTests•SAT:ScholasticAssessmentTest学术评价测验ScholasticAptitudeTest学术倾向测验•ACT:AmericanCollegeTesting•GRE:GraduateRecordExamination美国研究生入学考试SAT•SAT(theScholasticAssessmentTests)•ExaminationrequiredbymosthighereducationinstitutionsintheUSforadmissiontoundergraduatedegreeprogramssince1901.•FormerlycalledtheScholasticAptitudeTest,theexamwasofficiallyrenamedSATin1994.•The3-hour,multiple-choiceexammeasuresverbal,math&reasoningskills.Nearly1.8millionstudentstakethetesteachyear.ACT•Standardizedexamrequiredbymanycolleges&universitiesintheUSforadmissiontoundergraduatedegreeprograms.•Widelyknownbyitsformername,theAmericanCollegeTest,theACTisamultiple-choiceexamthatlastsabout3hours&measuresEnglish,math,reading&scienceskills.LSAT•MostUSlawschoolsrequireapplicantstohaveabachelor’sdegreeasaconditionforadmission.Inaddition,almostallrequireapplicantstotaketheLawSchoolAdmissionsTest(LSAT).Whilemanypre-lawstudentsmajorinpoliticalscienceoreconomicsduringtheirundergraduatecollegeyears,othersstudysuchsubjectsasphilosophy,math,engineeringorbusiness.Admissiontomostlawschoolsiscompetitive.LSAT•Typically,acommitteeoffacultymembers