第二部分语法考点突破第九讲名词性从句一、名词性从句的分类种类作用常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语,相当于名词,一般置于谓语之前,也可用it作形式主语,主语从句放在主句之后。what,whether,if,asif,asthough,who,whose,which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,wherever①Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmattermuch.②Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.种类作用常用关联词例句表语从句在复合句中做表语,相当于名词,位于系动词之后。what,whether,if,asif,asthough,who,whose,which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,whereverItlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.种类作用常用关联词例句宾语从句在复合句中做宾语,相当于名词。what,whether,if,asif,asthough,who,whose,which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,whereverHeaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.种类作用常用关联词例句同位语从句放在名词之后(news,prob-lem,idea,su-ggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等)表明其具体内容。what,whether,if,asif,asthough,who,whose,which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,wherever①Youhavenoideahowworriedweare.②Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.二、名词性从句的用法种类连接词、关系词或引导词例句注意事项主语从句连接代词:who,what,which等。连接副词:where,when,how,why。从属连词:that,whether,if。①Whatyouhavesaidisreasonable.②Whetherwegothereisnotdecided.③It’sknowntoallthatheisanovelist.④It’snecessarythatyoushouldtellhimaboutit.1.that所引导的主语从句可以放在句子后面,用it作形式主语。2.在itisapity,itisdifficult,itisnecessary,itisnowonder等结构后的主语从句中常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气形式,表示“应该”“竟然”的意思。种类连接词、关系词或引导词例句注意事项宾语从句连接代词:who,what,which等。连接副词:where,when,how,why。从属连词:that,wheth-er,if。①Theyarediscussingwhattheywilldotoday.②Sheaskedmehowhecouldle-arnEnglishwell.③Ithinkitnec-essarythathesh-ouldtryagain.1.如果主句是现在时,宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定;如果主句是过去时,那么宾语从句一定要用过去时态。2.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。3.如果主语的谓语动词是及物动词feel,see,hear,find,think,make等,可以用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句放在补足语之后。种类连接词、关系词或引导词例句注意事项宾语从句连接代词:who,what,which等。连接副词:where,when,how,why。从属连词:that,wheth-er,if。④Iinsistedthatshe(should)gothererightaway.⑤Idon’tdoubtthathewillpassthetest.4.当主句的谓语是suggest,demand,insist等动词时,宾语从句中的谓语动词用原形或should+动词原形。5.当及物动词doubt接宾语从句,主句为否定句或疑问句时,用连词that;主句为肯定句时,用连词if/whether。种类连接词、关系词或引导词例句注意事项表语从句连接代词:who,what,which等。连接副词:where,when,how,why。从属连词:that,wheth-er,asif。①Theproblemiswhocangoandfetchit.②ThatiswhyIwaslateyesterday.③Thisiswhathetoldme.④Helooksasifhehasknownthenews.表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词基本一样,表语从句还可以用asif,asthough引导。种类连接词、关系词或引导词例句注意事项同位语从句连接代词:who,what,whose等。连接副词:where,when,how。从属连词:that,whether。①Hehastoldusthenewsthathewonthefirstprize.②Wehavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.③Thereisnodoubtthatheisfitforthejob.同位语从句一般跟在一些表示抽象概念的名词后面,用来说明名词具体所指的内容,常用的名词有news,idea,order,fact,promise,belief,doubt,truth,question,report,fear,pro-of,thought等。三、whether与if引导的名词性从句whetherif主语从句宾语从句表语从句和同位语从句可放在句首也可放在句末。不可引导主语从句。1.后面直接跟ornot时;2.用于介词后引导宾语从句时;3.用于discuss后引导宾语从句时。大多数情况下可与whether互换。一般使用whether。一般不用if。(2012·高考湖南卷)Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.(此句为主语从句,故只能使用whether)村子里的每个人都很友好。无论你在那里住多久都没有关系。四、“疑问词+ever”引导的名词性从句1.“疑问词+ever”引导名词性从句时,有词义,并且在从句中充当一定的句子成分。(2012·高考陕西卷)Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoosewhicheversuitsyoubest.(宾语从句)提供了多达五门的课程,你可以任意选择最适合你的一门。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.无论谁触犯法律都应该受到惩罚。2.“疑问词+ever”还可以引导让步状语从句,这时可以和“nomatter+疑问词”互换。但“nomatter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能用来引导名词性从句。Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)youdo,youmustdoitwell.无论你做什么,都必须做好。