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2012年英语二辅导写作讲义一、大作文评价标准(15%)1.关于“读者”：2.关于“评卷”：3.四个“尺度”：1）长度：2）句子：3）结构：4）内容：二、图表类的构造TypeOneDirections:Studythefollowinggraphcarefullyandwriteanessay.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)describethegraphandinterpretitsmeaning,2)pointouttheproblemsandgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160—200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)写作步骤1．描述图表反映的信息；2．根据图表中的信息，从缓解对土地的压力、对城市压力大以及土地荒芜率高等方面说造成的影响；3．从提供适合农民工的工作以及发展农村经济等方面提出解决方法。参考范文Ascanbeseenfromtheabovechart,someimportantchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastyearswithregardtothenumberoffloatingpopulation.Thenumberrocketedfrom20,000in1980to100,000in1990,andto280,000in2000.Ittellsusthatthefloatingpopulationhassurgedintocities.Itisnodifficultjobforustocomeupwithsomepossibleeffectsinthewakeoftheabovetrend.Inthefirstplace,suchagroupmainlyconsistsofrurallabor.Itrelievespressureonlandinthecountryside.Inthesecondplace,floatingpopulationbegantoexertheavypressureoncities.Whereveritgetstogether,housing,unemploymentandfoodsupplyaretheheadachesthatlocalgovernmentshavetotackle.Amoreseriousproblemissocialsecurity.What’smore,agricultureislosingitsbestworkers,muchfarmworkisdonebywomen,oldpeopleorevenchildren.Somefarmlandlaysuncultivated.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ithinkweshouldapproachthetrendinapositiveandconstructiveway.Ontheonehand,weshouldpublicizejobadsandrequirementsappropriateforrurallabortopreventblindtransferring.Ontheotherhand,weshoulddevelopagricultureeconomyandrelatedfields,thusabsorbingredundantlocallabor.Onlybytakingtheseeffectivemeaurescanwestopthedeterioratingtrend.TypeTwoDirections:Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethechartbriefly,2)explainthereasonsofit,and3)giveyourpointofview.Youshouldwrite160—200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)People’sResponsestoChildren’sParticipationinCommercialActivities写作步骤1．描述图表反映的信息；2．根据图中的信息，结合现实，解释造成人们看法不同的原因；3．从孩子应该以学习知识和本领为主以及家长与社会应该为孩子营造良好学习环境等方面提出自己的见解。参考范文Ascanbeseenfromtheabovechart,therearesomedifferencesbetweenpeoplewithregardtochildren’sparticipationincommercialactivities.Halfofthepeoplesurveyedarefirmlyopposedtochildren’sparticipationincommercialactivities,23percentholdnegativeattitude,andanother23percenthaveneutralattitude,whileonly4percentagreetoit.Itisnodifficultjobforustoexplainthewidevarietyofopinionsbehindthephenomenon.Inthefirstplace,mostofpeoplesurveyedthinkthatparticipationincommercialactivitiesmayhaveadverseinfluenceonchildren’sstudyandtheirdevelopment.Therefore,theystronglyobjecttochildren’sparticipationincommercialactivities,asisshowninthechart.Inthesecondplace,somepeopledon’tregarditasaseriousmatter.Sotheydon’tcareaboutit.What’smore,afewpeoplebelievethatparticipationincommercialactivitiesmaycausechildrentodevelopquicklyandmayofferopportunitiestowidentheirhorizon.Thustheyagreetochildren'sactiveparticipation.AsfarasIamconcerned,itwouldbeadvisabletoholdanobjectiveattitudeontheissue.Ontheonehand,childrenshouldpaymoreattentiontolearningknowledgeandskills.Ontheotherhand,parentsandthewholesocietyshouldbuildaniceenvironmentforchildren’sstudyanddevelopment.三、句子的构造与改造1.基本句子的构造:SVO2.句子的改造:1)并列的使用:and/notonly...butalso..../ratherthan.....(1)Inthefirstplace,Chineseparentsliketotakecareoftheirchildren.同义表达：bewillingtosacrificeforthem改造：A.Inthefirstplace,Chineseparentsliketotakecareoftheirchildrenandarewillingtosacrificeforthem.B.Inthefirstplace,notonlydoChineseparentsliketotakecareoftheirchildren,butalsoarewillingtosacrificeforthem.(2)Chineseparentsshouldchangetheirattitudestowardsraisingchildren.反义表达：spoilthembysatisfyingtheirneeds改造：Ratherthanspoilthekidsbysatisfyingtheirneeds,Chineseparentsshouldchangetheirattitudestowardsraisingthem.(3)Studentsshouldbeindependentinordertolearnmoreknowledgeandskillsneeded同义表达：beselfsufficient改造：Studentsshouldbenotonlyindependentbutalsoselfsufficientinordertolearnmoreknowledgeandskillsneeded.反义表达：relyoneitherparentsorgrandparents改造：Ratherthanrelyoneitherparentsorgrandparents,studentsshouldbeindependentinordertolearnmoreknowledgeandskillsneeded.(4)TherearefewerpeopleinAmerica,soitiseasierforstudentstofindapart-timejob.同义表达：therearemorejobs/opportunities反义表达：ahugewell-educatedpopulationinChina(5)Agricultureislosingitsbestworkforce;muchfarmingworkisdonebywomen,oldpeopleorevenchildren.改造：Notonlyisagriculturelosingitsbestworkforceinthecountryside,butalsomuchfarmingworkisdonebywomen,oldpeopleorevenchildren.反义表达：keepthestrongerlaborforceathome...2)强调结构的使用1.Theintroductionofdifferentculturalperspectivesalsoarousespeople’sawarenessofourownculture.改造：Whattheintroductionofdifferentculturalperspectivesdoesistoarousepeople'sawarenessofourownculture.2.Inthepastfewyears,wehavewitnessedare-birthofenthusiasmfortheexplorationoftheessenceofourownculturalheritage.改造：Itisare-birthofenthusiasmfortheexplorationoftheessenceofourownculturalheritagethatwehavewitnessedinthepastfewyears.3.Manymuch-toldstoriesreiteratethistime-honoredvirtueoflovingandrespectingtheelders.(itis...that...)4.Today'svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.(itis...that...)5.Dr.Myer