第1课时拨云见日——巧解事实细节类题目⊙怎么考事实细节理解题考查原文提到的某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who,what,when,where,why和how等提问)、语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语境上的转换,两者存在表达上的差异,有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。⊙怎么学平时阅读训练时,注意作者描述人物、物体等细节的常用写作手法与技巧,以及反映句子之间逻辑关系的词,如:because,since,for,as等表示因果关系;after,first,next,later,meantime等表示时间关系;above,below,behind,infrontof等表示方位关系;but,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等表示转折或相对关系;furthermore,what'smore等表示递进关系;forinstance,forexample,suchas等表示例证关系。这些表示逻辑关系的词语能为考生解答细节题提供重要的线索,从而为快速、准确地选择答案打下坚实的基础。⊙怎么解做这类题一般采用寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读文章,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案。另外,在题干中寻找线索词,并注意题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词。注意线索词在文章中的位置,并标出实词的出处。解答此类题目有时还要注意细读全文,变通理解,多方归纳,综合事实细节选定答案。【典例剖析】体裁:记叙文话题:感人轶事词数:301时间:6′(2014·陕西卷,B)WhenItoldmyfatherthatIwasmovingtoDesMoines,Iowa,hetoldmeabouttheonlytimehehadbeenthere.Itwasinthe1930s,whenhewasaneditoroftheliterarymagazineofSouthernMethodistUniversity(SMU)inDallas,Texas.HealsoworkedasaprofessoratSMU,andtherewasagirlstudentinhisclasswhosufferedfromaseriousbackdisease.Shecouldn'taffordtheoperationbecauseherfamilywaspoor.HermotherranaboardinghouseinGalveston,aseasidetownnearHouston,Texas.Shewascleaningouttheattic(阁楼)onedaywhenshecameacrossanolddustymanuscript(手稿).Onitstoppagewerethewords,“ByO.Henry.”Itwasanicestory,andshesentittoherdaughteratSMU,whoshowedittomyfather.Myfatherhadneverreadthestorybefore,butitsoundedlikeO.Henry,andheknewthatO.HenryhadoncelivedinHouston.SoitwaspossiblethatthefamousauthorhadgonetothebeachandstayedintheGalvestonboardinghouse,andhadwrittenthestorythereandleftthemanuscriptbehindbyaccident.MyfathervisitedanO.HenryexpertatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,whoauthenticatedthestoryasO.Henry's.Myfatherthensetouttosellit.Eventually,hefoundhimselfinDesMoines,meetingwithGardnerCowles,atopeditorattheDesMoinesRegister.Cowleslovedthestoryandboughtitonthespot.Myfathertookthemoneytothegirl.Itwasjustenoughforhertohavetheoperationshesodesperatelyneeded.MyfathernevertoldmewhattheO.Henrystorywasabout.ButIdoubtthatitcouldhavebeenbetterthanhisownstory.【语篇解读】一位身患重病的女孩的母亲经营寄宿公寓时偶然得到一本欧·亨利遗失的小说手稿,经专家鉴定后确认出自欧·亨利之手。后来作者的父母将这部手稿出售去帮助女孩支付医药费。1.WhofoundtheO.Henry'smanuscript?A.Thegirl'smother.B.Theauthor'sfather.C.Thegirl.D.Theauthor.答案A[题干以who提问,为直接理解事实细节类题目,可以在文中第二段第二句话“Shewascleaningout...shecameacross...”“she”指那位女孩的母亲,故答案为A项。]2.Whichofthefollowingmightexplainthefactthatthemanuscriptwasfoundintheattic?A.O.HenryonceworkedinHouston.B.O.HenryoncestayedinGalveston.C.O.HenryoncemovedtoDesMoines.D.O.HenryoncetaughtatSMU.答案B[题干以which提问,也是直接理解事实细节类题目。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“SoitwaspossiblethatthefamousauthorhadgonetothebeachandstayedintheGalveston...”可知,欧·亨利在Galveston居住过的事实最能解释手稿发现于阁楼里,故答案为B项。]3.Theunderlinedword“authenticated”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.namedB.treatedC.provedD.described答案C[词义猜测题。根据O.Henryexpert可知,该专家专门研究欧·亨利的小说及生平,能够辨别这部手稿的真伪,因此authenticate意为“证明”。故答案为C项。]4.Accordingtothetext,whydidtheauthor'sfathergotoDesMoines?A.ToselltheO.Henrystory.B.Tomeettheauthorhimself.C.TotalkwiththeO.Henryexpert.D.Togivemoneytothegirl.答案A[题干以why提问,要求考生直接理解原因,该原因可能直接在文中找到。根据文章第三段第一句可知,作者的父亲到DesMoines是为了将书稿卖掉。故答案为A项。]