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GaoShengtaoJingningNo1Highschool虚拟语气•虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：虚拟语气在在条件从句中表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况表示过去情况表示将来情况过去式(did)(be常用were)Would/could/might(用于第1人称)+动词原形(do)过去完成式(had+done①过去式(did)②should+do③weretodoWould/could/might+动词原形(do)上面4个情态动词+havedone虚拟语气[例句]1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在在条件从句中虚拟语气中得倒装结构1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.•3.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.=Hadyoucomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Wereitsunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.=shouldhefailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.NOTES:1.Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.—Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.—Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe________thatdrug.A.nottakeB.shouldn’thavetakenC.didn’ttakeD.hadn’ttaken虚拟语气1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：建议(suggest,advice,propose,recommend)，要求(demand,request,require,insist),命令(order,command)desire等后面接的宾语从句其动词用should+do构成,should可以省略。.Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中考题点击：Theteacherdemandedthatthework_____before4o’clock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.---Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmother’sillness?---Hesuggestedthatshe_____anoperationatonce.A.musthaveB.hadC.haveD.hadhadBC3、记住：insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即should+do;Insist表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。[例句]虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中1)Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。2)Thehalfsmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappytohavegivenhislifeforhiscountry.3)Heinsistedthatallofus(should)bethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。4)Heinsistedthathewasright.他坚持说他是对的。虚拟语气同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。•Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.•Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch.虚拟语气在在同位语从句中虚拟语气主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish/desire)、建议(suggestion/advice)要求(requirement/demand)、命令(order,command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用(should)+do.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.=：Wesuggestthatyou(should)bethereontime.虚拟语气在在表语从句中•Wesuggestthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime=Itisoursuggestionthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Itissuggestedthatyou(should)bethereontime.2、表示愿望(wish),wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式2)过去：用过去完成式(haddone)3)将来：用情态动词(would/could)+do虚拟语气[例句]1.Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我一边。2.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.我希望你能找到一个好职业。4.Hewishedhehadn'tdoneit.他想要是他没这样做该多好。虚拟语气4.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形[虚拟语气在在主语从句中主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：a.Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)dob.Itisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperative…c.Itisapity,ashame,nowonderB例句]1)It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。2)It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。3)It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。•考题点击：•1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?•A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take•2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.•A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold2.asif/though+Clause现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)haddone(过去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespokeasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.would+动词原形(将来)虚拟语气一、asif(asthough)连接表语从句shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.她看起来似乎是冰做的helookedasifhehadn’tsleptfortwodays.二、asif连接让步状语从句Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。Hespoketousasifhehadbeenthere.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。虚拟语气在在asif从句中虚拟语气1.ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态，表将来would+vIfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.虚拟语气中的几个特例3.It’s(about/high)time+that---过去时should+V.你该走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.虚拟语气3.在would(had)rather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句中当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.Iwouldratherhehadnottoldmeaboutthat.虚拟语气中的几个特例高考题点击：Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.(95N)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken---DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen?---Well,I’dratheryou_____.A.don’tB.didn’tC.won’tD.mustn’t2.It’shalfpasteleven.It’shightime_____home.A.we’llB.we’dC.we’regoingD.wewentBCD虚拟语气4.一些介词短语,如:butfor(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),inthatcase(如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气Without/Butforyourhelp,wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress.Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea.虚拟语气中的几个特例9.用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好运！Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐！Mayyoudoevenbetter!祝你取得更大成就Longl