高考语法复习――非谓语动词之动名词

高三语法复习动名词Gerund(动名词)形式:(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone1.Goingabroadtostudylastyearwasmyunforgettableexperience.2.Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.3.Iregretnothavingtoldyouitearlier.4.HeforgothavingbeentakentoHongkongwhenhewas5.5.Myjobistakingcareofthegarden.6.Awalkingstickwasstandingagainstthewall.作主语介词宾语动词宾语动词宾语表语(表内容)定语(表用途)特点：既有动词的特点，又有名词的特点功能：1.作主语2.作宾语3.作表语4.作定语1.同一概念的两个动名词作主语谓语动词用单数Gettingupearlyandgoingtobedearlyisagoodhabit.2.下列句型中常用-ing作主语Itis/wasnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/good+doingsth•It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)•It’soflittlegoodstayinguplateeveryday.注意：•There’snodenyingthatheisabrilliantscientist.•There’snomistakingthathewillcomesoon.•There’snoknowingwherehehasgone.•There’snosayingwhatmayhappen.1.作动词的宾语。接-ing(动名词)作宾语的及物动词：谐音“卖的不是发霉咖啡”“madpsfamecarfe”mindavoiddelaypractisestopfinishadvisemissescapecan’thelpadmitriskfancy认为，想像enjoy2.作介词的宾语•含介词to后接doing的常见词组：sticktoobjecttobeopposedtobe/getusedtobeaccustomedtolookforwardtobedevotedtodevoteoneselftotaketobeaddictedtocome(close)to(差点就)leadtogetdownto(开始，着手)refertopayattentiontobeonthewayto•后接doing的其它常见词组：befondofbetiredofsucceedininsistonputofffeellikegiveupbeworthbebusysetaboutstand/tolerate/bearspend/wastetime(in)havedifficulty/trouble(in)haveagood/hardtime(in)can’thelp动名词作表语表示句子主语的内容，主语和表语可互换位置Myjobistakingcareofthegarden.→Takingcareofthegardenismyjob.作表语：作定语动名词作定语常表示被修饰名词与动名词所示动作的关系或用途awalkingstickawashingmachineaswimmingpooltherunningshoes→astickforwalking→amachineforwashing→apoolforswimming→theshoesforrunningasleepingcarasleepingboyacarforsleeping动名词作定语表用途aboywhoissleeping现在分词作定语表动作比较难点：（动名词的复合结构）形容词性物主代词(如my)或名词的所有格(如Peter’s)或代词的宾格(如me)+doing在句中作主/宾语•Mary’softentellingliesmadeusangry.•Yourgoingtherewillbeofgreathelp.•Wouldyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?•Howaboutour/usgoingonholidaynextweek?•Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief/thethief’sbeingcaught.•Isthereanypossibilityofthenewfilmbeingshowntonight?•Ialwaysdreamoftherebeingagoodchancetogoabroad.•Noonetoldmeabouttherebeingameetingthisafternoon.动名词和不定式的区别：forgetdoingtodorememberdoingtodoregretdoingtodostopdoingtodotrydoingtodomeandoingtodocan’thelpdoing(情不自禁做……)todo(不能帮助做……)goondoingtodobeafraid/scaredofdoing(害怕出现…状况)todo(不敢做…)considerdoing(考虑做…)sbtohavedone(被认为已做了…)IstillrememberbeingtakentoFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.Iregretnothavingtoldyouaboutitearlier.动词like,love,prefer后接doing/todo均可。但doing常表经常性的动作；todo常表具体的行为或动作•Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.•Theypreferwalkingtocycling.(一向…)•Heprefertostayathometoday.但：wouldliketodo…;would/shouldlovetodo…•Iwouldliketogoswimmingthisweekend.allow/advise/forbid/permit/recommenddoing…allow/advise/forbid/permit/recommendsbtodo…Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmokehere.sth/sbneed/require/want/desire+doing/tobedone.Thewallrequirespainting/tobepainted.Hiscontributiontoeducationisworthpraising.Hiscontributiontoeducationisworthpraise(n.).Hiscontributiontoeducationisworthyofpraise(n.).Hiscontributiontoeducationisworthyofbeingpraised.Hiscontributiontoeducationisworthytobepraised.It’sworthwhilepraisinghiscontributiontoeducation.It’sworthwhiletopraisehiscontributiontoeducation.接todo…(动词不定式)作宾语的及物动词：谐音“磨豆腐喽”“merdowphla”meanmanageexpectrefusedare,desire,determine,decide,demandofferwantpromisepretendplanhopelong渴望learnaskarrange(3)不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语有时在时态上有区别：*不定式作定语表示将来的动作。如：Thebridgetobebuiltnextmonthisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver．*现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。如：Thebridgebeingbuiltnowisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver．*过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。如：Thebridgebuiltlastyearisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver．即时巩固练习⑶用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Theman__________(question)inthepolicestationnowisaspy．2)Aman_______(respect)otherswillberespected．3)shecanfindnoone_______(make)friendswith．4)Isthereanybody_______(answer)thequestion?5)Halfoftheguests_______(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.beingquestionedrespectingtomaketoanswerinvited6)Shewouldbethebest_______(agree)theopinion．7)Thematter_________(discuss)isveryimportant．8)Thatistheway_________(operate)themachine．9)Shewasthenaprofessor_______(love)byallherstudents．10)Withmuchmoney________(spend)，theboyformedabadhabit．toagreebeingdiscussedtooperatelovedtospend(2)不定式和分词表示结果时的区别：*不定式表示结果，含有没有预料到的情况的意味。如：Igotuponlytofinditwasrainingoutside．(起来时没有料到在下雨。)Hewastooexcitedtosayaword．(太激动了说不出话，是没有预料到的情况。)*分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的情况。如：Hisparentsdied，leavinghimalotofmoney．(父母去世，钱留给儿子。这是自然的事。)Theoutputofirondecreasedby23％lastyear,reaching80，000tons．(产量下降，到了80，000吨，这是必然结果。)7)不定式，现在分词和动名词的逻辑主语：(1)不定式的逻辑主语：-for\ofsb+todosth如：It'simpossibleforhimtomovesuchabigstone．Thequestionistoohardforalittlechildtoanswer．*但表示性质的adj(good，nice,kind,rude,polite,impolite,clever,wise,stupid,silly,foolish,right,wrong)等而用介词of。It'scleverofhimtodoso．It'spoliteofyoutomakeroomfortheoldman(2)动名词的逻辑主语：-sb's+doing如：LittleFranz'sbeinglateagainfortheschoolmadetheteacherveryangry.*但动名词作宾语时逻辑主语可用普通格或人称代词的宾格，逻辑主语用普通格。Isuggestedhim(his)goingtherebytaxi.DidyouenjoyZhoujielunsingingattheconcert?