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中考英语“阅读理解”解题训练临朐东城双语学校张慧阅读表达书面表达20%听力17%单选13%词汇应用翻译句子17%完形8%各类题型在中考试卷中所占比例阅读理解25%阅读题干类型细节理解tolookforthedetails主旨大意tofindoutthemainidea推理判断toinferaconclusion猜测词义toguessthemeaning细节理解推理判断猜测词义主旨大意10%20%10%60%阅读理解题型所占比例中考阅读解题方法一、逆向解题法1、先看题目、找答案(Firstlookthroughthequestions,thenfindtheanswersinthepassage)2、再通看全文核实答案(Checktheanswersbyreadingthewholepassage.)此种方法的优缺点是：答题速度快，但正确率相对低一些。二、正向解题法1、先看文章大意(Firstlookthroughthepassage)段首句与段尾句指读法2、再看题目、找答案(Readthequestionsandfindouttheanswers)指读法3、最后通看全文核实答案(Checktheanswers)此种方法的优缺点是：答题正确率高，但较费时。建议：考试时，可以将第三步放在检查时进行。如何解答细节理解题？(Tolookfordetails)细节题往往是针对短文某个细节来设题。解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照,一般能从原文中直接找到答案。()1.Mr.andMrs.Greenaregoingtothezoowiththeirfive-year-oldson.Theyhavetopay______fortheticket.A.fifteendollarsB.thirtydollarsC.forty-fivedollarsD.sixtydollars原文再现：TicketPriceGrown-up:$30.00Children:$15.00Childrenundersix:freeD()2.Thezooclosesat_________onweekends.A.5:30p.mB.4:30p.mC.9:ooa.mD.8:00a.m原文再现：OpeningtimeFromMondaytoFriday:9:00-16:30SaturdayandSunday:8:00-17:30A()3.Somedisabledpeopleneedrobots’helpto_________.A.takecareofthemselvesB.talktootherpeopleC.becomescientistsD.dodangerousjobs原文再现：…IntheUnitedStates,anotherkindofrobothelpsdisabledpeopletotakecareofthemselvesintheirdailylife.…..AForexampleItseemsthateverybodytellslies,well,notbiglies,butwhatwecall“whitelies”.Tellingwhiteliesisn'tthatbad.Mostofthetime,peopledoitbecausetheywanttoprotectafriendship.()4、Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Whiteliesarenotbiglies.B.Infact,everybodytellslies.C.Peopletellwhiteliestoprotectafriendship.D.Whiteliesareharmfultofriendship.（答案为D.答题时要求对每个选项进行回读确认信息，然后判断。）如何解答推理判断题？(Toinferaconclusion)推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。注意：此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子。常见题式：1）Fromthepassageweknowthat______.2）Fromthepassagewecaninfer(推断）that______.3）Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybe______.4)Whatwouldbehappyif______.()5.Visitors________inthezoo.A.Mustn’ttakephotoswithallanimals.B.Mustn’tgoclosetothedangerousanimal.C.Cangivefoodtotheanimals.D.Canthrowyourthingsaround.原文再现：….Youarewelcometotakephotoswithsomeanimals.…….Keepthezooclean.DonotfeedorgoneartothedangerousanimalsB如何解答主旨大意题？(Tofindoutthemainidea)主旨大意题的目的是考查对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。主旨题常见题式为：1.Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?2.Themainideaofthispassageis_____3.Thepassagemainlytellsus：_________ForexampleHappinessisforeveryone…Infact,happinessisalwaysaroundyou,ifyouputyourheartintoit…Happinessisnotthesameasmoney,itisafeelingofyourheart…Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?A.BadluckB.GoodluckD.LifeC.HappinessC.Happiness如何解答猜测词义题？(Toguessthemeaning)猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。解题技巧为：通过阅读单词附近的上下文，断定该词的真正含义。要注意单词本义之外的符合题意的含义。常见题式如下：1）Theword“…”inthepassageprobablymeans_________.2）Whatdoestheword“…”mean______.3）Theunderlinedwordmeans_________.ForexampleChildrenlikesuchcreaturesasdogsandmonkeys.Theunderlinedwordmeans_________.AanimalsB.plantsC.HumansD.toys（答案为A。由dogsandmonkeys可推断出)Abriefsummary正向解题法指读法(段首句、题干、选项）Tolookfordetails划出相关句子，进行对照Toinferaconclusion无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子Tofindoutthemainidea段首句与段尾句Toguessthemeaning上下文（完整的句子）中考模拟演练