形容词性从句(定语从句)

语法综合讲练定语从句定语从句（形容词性从句）1、什么叫定语从句?2、定语从句有什么作用？3、定语从句的位置在哪里?4、什么叫先行词?5、什么叫关系代／副词?6、关系词在句中的位置和词义是什么？例1Imetamanwhocalledhimselfbatman.Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenImethim.关系词的作用1）连接作用：连接主从句。2）替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代被修饰的名词或代词（先行词）；关系副词替代被修饰名词或代词的介词短语，这个介词由读者来补充完成。3）成分作用：关系词总是在从句中充当一个句子成分。CouldyoushowmethepicturesthatweretakenontheGreatWall?Thereason______hegaveforhisbeinglateforschoolwasamereexcuse.Thereason______hewaslateforschoolwas______hisbikebrokedownhalfway..thatwhythat7、定语从句的关系代词的区别指人指物指人或物主格宾格所有格whowhichthatwhomwhichthatwhosewhosewhose/ofwhich关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语等。Whose在句中作定语例如：Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语）Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.(that在从句中做表语)Whose即可以指代人，也可以代物。有时可以换作ofwhich。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisred.=Pleasepassmethebook.Thecoverofthebookisred.=Pleasepassmethebook,thecoverofwhichisred.关系副词when,where,why关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语,有时也可以换作相应的介词+which.例如：Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onehastogivein.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？who√whom√whose√that√√√which√√√when√where√why√主宾表定状√8、易混关系代词的区别1）什么时候只用that不用which?2)什么时候只用which不用that?3)什么时候只用who不用that?4)什么时候只用that不用who?《5年3年》P.106关系代词that和which的用法区别：that在定语从句中，即可指人又可以指物；which只能指物。1）只用which的情况a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。b)介词后不能用。Ithasbeenrainingforthreedays,whichmakesitdifficultforustotravel.Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.2)只能用that的情况先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时,只用that，不用which。先行词有theonly,thevery,justthe等修饰时，只用that。先行词既有人，又有物时。只用that。在therebe句型中，通常只用that，不用which。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisfree.在以Which开头的句中，只用that。例如：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。下列情况下只用that不用who.在以who开头的句子中，只用that,不用whoWhoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?下列情况下that可以代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：Hisfatherdiedthetime(that/when)hewasborn.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。定语从句的几种句式1)n./pron.+who/that+从句2)n./pron.+which/that+从句3)n./pron.+whose+从句4)n./pron.+when/where/why+从句5)n./pron.,介词+which/whom+从句6)n./pron.+,不定代词/数词/名词+介词+which/whom+从句Shehasthreesons,allofwhomjoinedthearmy.Shehasthreesons,twoofwhomwereengineers.Iwantaroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthesouth.7)n./pron.+,ofwhich/whom+不定代词/数词/名词+其它Ihavemanyfriends,ofwhomsomeareverysuccessfulfarmers.8)such…as;thesame…asThisbookisnotsuchasIexpected.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.9)as引导的非限定性定语从句位置：可以置于主句前,句中或主句后；用逗号与主句隔开,as指代整个主句。常译作：这一点…;正如…NB:as引导的定语从句与which引导的定语从句的区别。1）which引导的非限定性定语从句只能置于主句之后。而as引导的定语从句可以置于主句前,句中或主句后。Asisknowntoall，Edisoninventedtheelectriclamp.=Edisoninventedtheelectriclamp,asisknowntoall.=Edison,asisknowntoall,inventedtheelectriclamp.2）which可以指代整个句子也可以是前面的一个名词。as引导的从句通常指代整个主句。例：Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.3）当从句与主句的意思一致时，通常用as，否则用which.Shehasmarried,________weexpected.Heturnedouttobeverysuccessful,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.aswhich4)As在从句中作主语时，谓语通常接行为动词的被动语态。如果从句中的谓语是主动语态，则一般用which例：Sheislateagain,_____isexpected.Bambooishollow,_____makesitverylight.aswhich另外：as多用于习语中asanybodycanseeasisknowntoallaswehaveexpectedas(it)oftenhappensasisoftenthecase,ashasbeensaidbefore/earlier,as(it)seemslikelyas(it)waspointedoutAsIremember(it)AsIunderstand(it)As(it)appearssuch…as与such…thatThesameas与thesame…thatIhavenevermetsuchaman_____youdescribed.Heissuchakindman____youcandependonhim.asthatHelentmethesamebook_____hewasreadingyesterday.Iboughtthesamebook______hewasreadingyesterday.But也可以引导定语从句,前面通常是否定。Thereisnohabitsooldbutmaybecuredbyastrongwill.Therearefewgrammarrulesbuthaveexceptions.thatas判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。1.用关系副词：1）系表结构。2）被动语态。3）不及物动词。4）主、谓、宾结构完整。例如：a.Thedaysaregonewhenweusedtheforeignoil.例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theoneDA例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。方法二读从句，把被修饰的名词用到从句中。如果不需要加介词就用关系代词，需要加介词就用相应的关系副词。Hewasborninthevillage————hisgrandpadied.（Hisgrandpadiedinthevillage.）Heisthekindofperson______youcanturnforhelpintimeoftrouble.wheretowhom1.Heistheprofessor______wasnamedJackson.Heistheprofessor__________namewasJackson.whowhose2.Thatistheday____________mustberemembered.Thatistheday____________hewillneverforget.Thatistheday________hewenttocollege.which/thatwhich/thatwhen3.Thisistheplace__________heusedtolive.Thisistheplace______________hevisitedbefore.wherewhich/that4.Idon’tbelievethereason___________hewaslateforschool.Idon’tbelievethereason_______________hegaveme.why/forwhichwhich/that5.Ipickeduptheapples,________________werebad.Ipickeduptheapples.________________werebad.Ipickeduptheapplesand