形容词性从句--定语从句

形容词性从句--定语从句用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。•限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。•非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。e.g.Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.I’vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.定语从句常用关系词•关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）•关系副词：where(onwhich),when(inwhich),why(forwhich)（在句中作状语）•关联词：that（引导表示方式、时间的定语从句）e.g.Inthisearthquake,thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.IhavemanygoodfriendstowhomIamgoingtosendpostcards.You’retheonlypersonwhoseadvicehemightlistento.Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecenterofthecitybringsusalotofpleasure.Hehasgivenusasmuchadviceashecan.Potatocanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.Idon’tliketheway(that)youtreatus.定语从句引导词的选择•取决于先行词（被修饰词）在定语从句中的位置、成分。e.g.Thepeoplewhom\who\thatyoumetinthecampusarefromAustralia.（作宾语）Thiswasthetimewhen\atwhichsheleftforBeijing.Theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.使用要点1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。e.g.Theclassroomthatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。e.g.Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworks.3.关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。e.g.IhavecometoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.4.只用that，不用which的情况：a.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；b.当先行词前有theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时；c.当先行词为anything,nothing,something,everything,all,little,much等不定代词修饰时；d.当先行词前有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时；e.Itis句型中的引导定语从句时。5.只用which，不用that的情况：a.引导非限制性定语从句时；b.引导词前有介词时；c.一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；e.g.Heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.6.当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导；7.as从句的先行词是thesame,such,或被他们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。e.g.Manyofthesportsarethesameastheywerewhentheystarted.Theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected.Itwasraininghard,which(as)wasunexpected.8.介词+关系代词要根据a.谓语动词的固定搭配e.g.Thisistheevidencewithwhichthecaseisconnected.b.先行词e.g.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhich\whenIjoinedtheparty.c.句子表达的意思e.g.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedgotsacked.d.在非限制性定语从句中，名词\代词+of+which\whom表示整体与部分的关系e.g.Theworkers,someofwhomstayedforfouryears,camefromdifferentcountries.e.介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前，有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上。e.g.Wediditinthesamewayinwhichhedid\whichhedidin.9.That作为关联词可以当作关系副词用e.g.ThisisthehouseinwhichLouisXIIIlived.ThisisthehousethatLouisXIIIlived.ThisisthehousewhereLouisXIIIlived.ThisishousewhichLouisXIIIlivedin.ThisisthehouseLouisXIIIlivedin.定语从句的使用需注意：Mybrotherwhoisverycleverstudieschemistryallbyhimself.使用定语从句勿滥！可以使用单个形容词，或较短的非谓语动词结构的，尽量使用简略些的方式。使句子读起来更顺口！