8--HIC-Resistant-Material-Awareness(HIC耐磨材料知识)

1EnergytotheWorld23“SourService”justmeansafluidservicecontainingenoughhydrogen-sulphide(H2S)tocausematerialdamageReferredtoas“WetH2SService”GeneralDefinitionWet-sourgasWet-sourcrudeorcondensateSourwaterDry-sourgas,whereaprocessupsetcouldresultinwaterenteringintoorforminginthepipeExamples4CorrosionandCracking•Suddenandunpredictablefailures•SeriousConsequencesH2SSafetyConcerns•ToxicGas•Lethaleveninsmallconcentrations5QWhatistheconcernwithpipingsystemcontainingsourfluids?ATheycorrodeandcrackleadingtoseriousandcostlyconsequencesQWhatarethesafetyrisksassociatedwithsourfluids?AH2Sisbothtoxicandlethal.IthasarotteneggsmellinlowconcentrationsandisodorlessinhighconcentrationsQHowdoesCorrosion&Crackinghappen?AAqueousCorrosion(waterispresent)i.e.HIC,StepwiseCracking,SSC,SOHICHighTemperature(Hot)Corrosioni.e.SulphidationorWallLoss6SteelWetSourHICSteelWetSourStressSSCHydrogenInducedCrackingSulphideStressCracking7Planarcrackingthatoccursincarbonandlowalloysteelswhenatomichydrogendiffusesintothesteelandthencombinestoformmolecularhydrogenattrapsites(inclusionsorvoids)HICDefinitionCrackingofmetal,involvingcorrosionandtensilestress(residualand/orapplied)inthepresenceofwaterandH2SSSCDefinition8IDODFe2+HOHOHOHOH2CorrosionCellMechanismSteel9SteelIDODHOHOS-2H2WetH2S+HICSusceptibleSteel10SteelIDODWetH2S+HICSusceptibleSteelHOHOS-2ElongatedInclusionsH2H2H211SteelIDODWetH2S+HICSusceptibleSteelS-2H2H2H2StepwiseCrackingBlister12SurfaceBlistering13CenterlineSegregation14StepwiseCracking15StepwiseCracking16StepwiseCracking17HICinPipe18HICinPipe19SSCinPipe20SSCinPipe21AcidicornearneutralpHwaterphasewithanoxygenconcentrationinexcessof20microgramsperliter(20ppb)WaterphasewithapHbelow5.5calculatedfromavailabledataormeasuredeitherinsituoratatmosphericpressureimmediatelyafterthesampleiscollectedinthefieldWatercontainingmultiphasefluidwithacarbondioxidepartialpressure206kPa(30psi)Aserviceconditionthatwouldcauseametalpenetrationrateof76μm/yr(3.0mpy)ormore.Thepenetrationratemaybefromuniformcorrosion,localizedcorrosion,orpitting.DeterminethisserviceconditionjointlybyconsultingcorrosionengineersfromtheresponsibleoperatingorganizationsandCSD/ME&CCD.AllsoilsandwatersinwhichpipingsystemsareburiedorimmersedWater-containingfluidstreamwithflowingsolidssuchasscaleorsand,whichmaysettleandinitiatecorrosiondamage.Water-containingfluidstreamcarryingbacteriathatcancauseMICInsulatedandfireproofedsystems22PipingSystem&ProcessEquipmentexposedtoanenvironmentmeetinganyoneofthefollowingconditionsrequiressulfidestresscracking(SSC)controlmeasuresPipingSystems&ProcessEquipmentexposedtoanenvironmentwith50ppmwtotalsulfidecontentintheaqueousphaserequiretheuseofHICresistantsteelthatmeets01-SAMSS-035and01-SAMSS-043forpipesand01-SAMSS-016fortanks,heatexchangers,andpressurevessels.HighTemperatureandRefiningEnvironmentsHighTemperaturerefineryenvironmentsidentifiedbySaudiAramcoBestPractices,APIRP571,andcompatibledocumentsincluding,butnotlimitedtoAPIPUBL932-A,APIRP932-B,APIRP939-C,APIRP941,andAPIRP945.A.ServicemeetingthedefinitionofsourenvironmentsinISO15156&NACEMR0103B.ConditionsnotaddressbyISO15156including:i.50ppmwtotalsulfidecontentintheaqueousphaseii.≥1ppmwtotalsulfidecontentintheaqueousphaseandpH4iii.≥1ppmwtotalsulfidecontentand20ppmwfreecyanideintheaqueousphase,andpH7.6.23A.Steel/RawMaterialHICresistantPlates/CoilsintendedforthemanufacturingofpipesshallbeprocuredfromanapprovedSaudiAramcosteelmill.B.SpecificInspectionThefrequencyofinspectionforHICtestshallbeonepipefromeachofthefirstthreeheats/mill/PO,thenonepipeoutofeveryfivesubsequentheats.Thepipesfortestingcanbeselectedbythepurchaser'srepresentativefromtheheatscontainingthehighersulfurcontent.OnesetofthreespecimensisrequiredforHICtesting.IncaseoffailuresinHICtest,thefrequencyoftestingmaybeincreasedtocover100%oftheheats.HICtestingonpipesshallbecarriedoutonallheatsifthewallthicknessisgreaterthan1-inch(25.4mm)InspectionandTestinginaccordancewithInspectionForm175-010210C.HICorMillTestCertificateshallinclude:TheCrackLengthRation(CLR)resultsofthecontrolsampleLocationanddimensionsofcoupons,andwhethertakenfrompipeorplate.pHofH2Ssaturatedsolutionatthestartandendofthetest.Chemicalcompositionofmaterialtested24D.Pseudo-HICResistantsteelshallnotbeusedtofabricateequipmentintendedforsourserviceapplication.SteelthatpassestheHICtest,buthasnotbeenintentionallymanufacturedtobeHICresistantsteelshallNOTbeusedE.HardnessTestMaximumacceptablehardness,includingweldcapis250HVusing5or10KgLoadHardnessexceeding250HV,evenontheexternalsurfaceshallbeconsideredunacceptableF.HIC/SWCAcceptanceCriteriaCrackLengthRation(CLR)≤10%CrackThicknessRation(CTR)≤3%25PipeendsshallbeMagneticParticleInspectedforthedetectionoflaminarimperfectionsNDTInspectionforSeamlessPipeSeamlesspipesshallbeultrasonically(UT)inspectedforthedetectionoftransverseimperfectionsinaccordancewithISO10893-8,acceptanceLevelL2/CorASTME213NDTInspectionforSAWPipe:PipesLaminarimperfectionsinthepipebodyandonthestrip/plateedgesCoverageforultrasonic(UT)insp