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第25卷第4期西安科技大学学报Vol.25No.42005年12月JOURNALOFXIANUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYDec.2005:1672-9315(2005)04-0447-05牛国庆1,2,徐志胜1,王海娟2(1.,410075;2.,454000):锅炉爆炸是十分严重的灾害性事故,它不仅会造成财产损失,还会导致人员伤亡正确预测事故后果可以为事故的防范提供必要的帮助文中介绍了用TNT当量法近似计算锅炉爆炸事故危害半径的原理计算方法和程序,最后进行了实例计算:锅炉;爆炸;TNT当量法;危害半径:TK288:AApproximatecalculationofhazardradiusofboilerexplosionaccidentNIUGuoqing1,2,XUZhisheng1,WANGHaijuan2(1.DisasterPreventionScienceandSafetyTechnologyInstitute,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha410075,China;2.Dept.ofResourceandMaterialEngineering,HenanPolytechnicUniversity,Jiaozuo454000,China)Abstract:Boilerexplosionwasveryseriousdisaster.Itbroughtaboutnotonlythelossofwealthbutalsocasualty.Rightpredictionofitshazardradiuscouldprovidenecessaryhelpsforthepreventionofaccident.Theprinciple,arithmeticandprocedureofapproximatecalculatingthehazardradiuswithTNTequivalentweightmethodwereintroduced.Anexampleofcalculationwasexecutedintheend.Keywords:boiler;explosion;TNTequivalentweightmethod;hazardradius0,,,[1],,,,,,,,1,,[2],,,,,,,,,:2005-01-05:!(2001BA803B04);(02SSY2002-6):(1968-),,,,,.,,[3](3%~15%),,,2,,,(),,,,,,,,,,121[3,4]Tab.1OverpressuresinjuryeffectonhumanbodyP/MPa0.02~0.030.03~0.050.05~0.100.102[3,4]Tab.2OverpressuresinjuryeffectonbuildingP/MPa0.005~0.0060.006~0.0150.015~0.0200.020~0.0300.040~0.050,0.060~0.070,0.070~0.1000.100~0.200,0.200~0.3003:;3.1,,,,[2,3,5,6]Eg=PV[1-(0.1013/P)(k-1)/k]∀103/(k-1)(1)Eg,kJ;P,MPa;V,m3;k,(k=1.135),Eg=7.4PV[1-(0.1013/P)0.119]∀103(2),,[2,3]Eg=CsV(3)Eg,kJ;V,m3;Cs,kJ/m33[3]Tab.3BlastingenergycoefficientofdrysaturatedvaporundercommonlyusedpressureP/MPa0.30.50.81.32.53.04.37∀1028.31∀1021.5∀1032.75∀1036.24∀1037.77∀1033448西安科技大学学报2005年3.2,,(),,,,[2]Ew=[(H1-H2)-(s1-s2)T1]W(4)Ew,kJ;H1,kJ/kg;H2,kJ/kg;s1,kJ/kg#∃;s2,kJ/kg#∃;T1,kJ/kg#∃;W,kg(4),,[2,3]Ew=CwV(5)Ew,kJ;V,m3;Cw,kJ/m344[3]Tab.4BlastingenergycoefficientofsaturatedwaterundercommonlyusedpressureP/MPa0.30.50.81.32.53.0Cw/kJ/m32.38∀1043.25∀1044.56∀1046.35∀1049.56∀1041.06∀10444.1,(TNT)[4],TNT,,[7,8]P=f3q/R(6)P,MPa;R,m;q,kgTNTTNT,[7][8],[8],P3q/R,3qR,3q/R,PR/Ro=3q/qo=P=Po(7)R,m;Ro,m;qo,kgTNT;P,MPa;Po,MPa;P(R)=Po(R/)(8)(8)TNT,[9]P=2.0063qR+0.1943qR2-0.0043qR3(0.05%R3q%0.5)Po=0.0673qR+0.3013qR2+0.4313qR3(0.5R3q%70.9)(9)51000kgTNT449第4期牛国庆等锅炉爆炸事故危害半径的近似计算51000kgTNTTab.5Blastwavesoverpressuregeneratedby1000kgTNTblastinginatmosphereRo/m567891012Po/MPa2.942.061.671.270.950.760.50Ro/m14161820253035Po/MPa0.330.2350.170.1260.0790.0570.043Ro/m40455055606570Po/MPa0.0330.0270.02350.02050.0180.0160.01434.21):(3)(5),E2)TNTq:1kgTNT4230~4836kJ/kg,1kgTNT4500kJ/kg[3],q=E/45003)(7)4)1000kgTNTRo=R/5)Ro5RoPo(),R6)Po,1,25DZL4-1.25-A&,:4t/h,1.25MPa,193.3∃,1500mm,4500mm(8m3,2m3,10m3),1.3MPa1/8[10],7/866Tab.6ApproximateresultofhazardradiusofboilerexplosionaccidentE/kJq/kg(TNT)/m/m/m452.5∀103100.60.4610.31524.8/m/m/m/m/m/m7.810.312.413.315.631.06,,,[1],,∋([11],,,;,;,,,:[1],,.()[M].:,1995.[2],,,.[M].:,2002.[3].[M].:,2003.450西安科技大学学报2005年[4],.[J].,1998,5(4):25-26.[5].()[M].:,1986.[6].[J].,1999,15(3):43-45.[7],,,.[J].,1998,27(1):1-3.[8].[J].,1996,24(3):55-57.[9],.[J].,2001,1(4):45-49.[10].[J].,1999,15(3):43-45.[11].[M].:,1999.(446)61)ALOFT-FT,CO,SO2,PM10,1.5km,300mPM101h0.25mg/m3;SO2CO2)100m,50m,PM1010mg/m3,SO2,1h0.7mg/m3;CO,3),;,,:[1]YANGZhenhong.Studyonexcavatingdiagnosissystemofthegravedangeroussources[J].JournalofLiaoningTechnicalUniversity,2003,22(4):509-511.[2]ZHOUCi,YANGZhenhong.Thenumericalstimulationofthecharacterofsmokefloatinginthehighrisebuildings[J].JournalofTechnologyUniversityoftheProjectofLiaoning,2003,(4):8-11.[3]YANGZhenhong.Anexpertsystemforriskassessmenttoolsofconstructionprojects[A].InternationalSymposiumonSafetyScienceandTechnology[C].Beijing:SciencePress,2002.[4]KEVINBMcGrattan,HowardRBaum,WilliamDWalton,etal.Smokeplumetrajectoryfrominsituburningofcrudeoilinalaskafieldexperimentsandmodelingofcomplexterrain[R].MarylandUS:NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,1995.[5]YANGZhenhong.Studiesonthestrategyandtechnologyofriskforesightonurbanpublicsecurity[A].InternationalSymposiumonScienceandTechnology[C].Beijing:SciencePress,2004.[6]HUORan.Thefiresafetyengineeringsummaryinthebuildings[M].Hefei:ChinaScience&TechnologyUniversityPress,1999.[7]HUANGHengdong.Thefiresafetysummaryinthehighrisebuildings[M].Chengdu:SichuanScience&TechnologyUniversityPress,1992.[8]NIUYulan.Theescapetechnologyfromthefireinthehighrisebuildings[J].FireControlofShandong,1997,(9):32-33.451第4期牛国庆等锅炉爆炸事故危害半径的近似计算