现在完成时

TheGreatWallTheWestLakeHaveyoueverbeento….?ParisNewYorkYes,IhaveNo,Ihaven’t去某地havebeento去过，已回来。后接次数。我已经去雷式学校1000次了IhavebeentoRay'sschoolonethousandtimes.havegoneto去了，未回来。他已经去了天堂Hehasgonetotheheaven.havebeenin后接一段时间，待了多久我已经在中国呆了500年了IhavebeeninChinaforfivehundredyears.zooHaveyoueverbeento…?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t./No,never.cinemaHaveyoueverbeento…?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t./No,never.waterparkHaveyoueverbeento…?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t./No,never.AmusementparkHaveyoueverbeento…?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t./No,never.娱乐thePresentPerfectTense现在完成时助动词have(has)+过去分词doneyesterdaynowsometimesatthemomentlastyearyesterday8o’clockyesterdaylookatthattimeoftenalreadyjustpastnowYesterday,wecleanedtheclassroom.Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.用法1强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响already1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果.Ihavelostmywallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含义是:现在已在此地)1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________2.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.havedoneit.“仍然，还”用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?already:Yet:“已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?“从来不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.evernever“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中,放在句中。Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.justbefore“刚刚”用在陈述句中,放在句中。Ihavejustboughtanovel。Exercise根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.Shesays‘Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?’Yousay:No,thankyou._______________(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersays‘CanIspeaktoJoe?’Yousay:I’mafraid_________________.(goout)hehasjustgoneoutI’vejusthadlunch.3.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_______________________(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(预定）atable.Lateryourfriendsays‘ShallIphonetoreserveatable?’Yousay:No,__________________it(do)Ihaven’tfinishedityet.IhavealreadydoneShebegantoworkin2005.Shestillworksherenow.Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor7years.nowpastIbegantoteachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolforfiveyears.用法2：过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态,常与表示持续的时间状语连用。eg:我这些天都没见到她Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.玛丽都病了三天了Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.玛丽自从1998年就住在这了Ihavelivedheresince1998.一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesincesinceandforThewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago)since2yearsagosince1998sinceshecametotheschool)for+时间段since+时间点for2years/alongtime1.They’veknowneachothersince_______.A.1995B.threeyears2.I’vebeeninterestedinChinesefor______.A.lastyearB.oneyear3.Shehasbeenadoctorfor______.A.twoyearsB.twoyearsago4.I’vehadaheadachesince_______.A.IgotupthismorningB.fivehours5.We’vebeenherefor______.A.onehourB.oneo’clockAABAA6.Myparentshaveownedthishousefor______.A.alongtimeB.manyyearsago7.They’vebeeninlovesince______.A.lastspringB.threemonths8.Wehaveknowneachothersince_____.A.oneyearB.lastyear9.--Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?--Since______.A.lastnightB.twodays10.--Howlonghassheworkedhere?--Shehasworkedherefor_____.A.1993B.sixyearsAABAB比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：*现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况。*一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系。Ihaveseenthefilm.(我了解这部电影的内容。)Isawthefilmlastweek.（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于howlong引导的疑问句中。如不能说：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.(ⅹ)但可以说：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.构成：haddone用法：1.过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。1.他说他以前见过你。Hesaidthathe______________(see)youbefore.hadseen2.到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。Bysixo’clockthey______________(work)foreighthours.hadworked2.过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。Bysixo’clockthey____________(work)foreighthours.WhenIcametoGZ,he_____________(be)thereforalongtime.用法：1.到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。2.我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。hadworkedhadbeen3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。Bythemiddleoflastmonthwe______________(live)inBeijingforfiveyears.hadlived3.过去完成时和already,just,ever,yet等连用表示过去的过去。用法：例如：1.他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。Hetoldmethathisteam_________already___________(win).hadwon2.她说她仍没去过长城。Shesaidthatshe_______________(notgoto)theGreatWallyet.hadn’tbeento总结现在完成时：1、构成：have/has+过去分词。2、概念：(1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用:already,just,yet,ever,never,before(2)表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。b.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：①原形+ed如：worked,passed②词尾是e时，直接加d如：likedlived③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped动词的过去