上课用-概要写作--课件

SummaryWriting概要写作Itisabrief,thoroughandobjectiverestatementofthemainideaandkeypointsofalongercomposition.Whatisasummarywriting?什么是概要写作?概要写作是对原文的内容和思想进行浓缩，用精炼的词句概括出文章的要点、次要点等内容，再现原作者的思想、观点。1.Nocomments（拒绝评论式发言）Don’tshareyourownopinionabouttheissue.2.Nodetails（删去细节）Omitdetailedinformation,examplesanddialogues.3.Nocopying（不要照抄原文）Don’tcopytheoriginalsentences.Condense（缩写）sentences.4.Coherence（语句通顺连贯）Usetheshortestpossibletransitions.(however,besides,because)5.Numberofwords（字数要求）Writeinabout60words(40-80).Basicrequirements基本要求1.通读全文2.判断文章类型（说明、议论和记叙）3.分段找中心句（topsentences）4.改写句子（注意语法和概括）5.衔接句子（注意连贯、逻辑、结构和字数）BasicSteps/基本步骤一、段首是主题句：以概述开句，随之辅加细说。1.给予例证、解释或说明的段落，首句后常见词：forexample，take…asanexample（举个例子）2.下定义的段落：That‘stosay;tobeexact(那就是说……)Howtofindtopsentences?如何找中心句？例子:Likemanynewgraduates,IleftuniversityfullofhopeforthefuturebutwithnorealideaofwhatIwantedtodo.Mydegree,withhonors,inEnglishliteraturehadnotreallypreparedmeforanythingpractical.IknewIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworldsomehow，butIhadnoideahowtodothat.Howtofindtopsentences?如何找中心句？例子:Alsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyofthedayifwegetupearly.However,ifwegetuplate,wewillprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry.如何找中心句？二、段中主题句：1.引题或例证—主题思想—解释或进一步给予例证。2.段意转折，一般作者往往把中心意思放于转折后。常见词：however,but,onthecontrary,nevertheless，instead等3.出现于过渡句或疑问句之后。Howtofindtopsentences?如何找中心句？例子:Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions.Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthananyothertimeoftheday.Ifwedosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,wecanbuildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthier.如何找中心句？三、段尾是主题句：1.阐述一个不太常见的或难以令人接受的观点的段落。2.旨在说服读者相信其论点的段落。先表述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性句子收尾。常见词：asaresult;inaword,toconclude,infact,therefore等Howtofindtopsentences?如何找中心句？例子:Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewholeday.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Howtofindtopsentences?如何找中心句？例子:Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbesttokeepit.Ifwesticktogettingupearlyeveryday,wewillcertainlybenefitalotfromit.如何找中心句？1.通读全文2.判断文章类型（说明、议论和记叙）3.分段找中心句（topsentences）4.改写句子（注意语法和概括）5.衔接句子（注意连贯性和字数）BasicSteps/基本步骤1.同意替换法（主语和宾语位置调换）例：Wecanbenefitfromit（我们能从中获得好处）=Itdoesgoodtous.（这对我们有好处）例：Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefactthatIwasnopatient.（因为我没有耐心，所以没抓到鱼）=Ididn’tcatchanyfishbecauseIwasnotpatient.Howtore-writethesentences?如何改写句子？2.正话反说或反话正说。例：Youwillnotsucceed.（你不会成功的。）=Youwillfail.（你会失败的。）例：Ican’tagreemore.（我不能更同意你了。）=Iagreewithyou.（我同意你。）例：Youwillmissthebus.(你会错过那辆车。)=Youwon’tcatchthebus.（你将赶不上那辆车。）Howtore-writethesentences?如何改写句子？3.词性转换法例：Thephotoisofimportancetous.=Thephotoisimportanttous.(这个照片对我们很重要）4.句式变化法（1）语态变换：例：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.=Childrenshouldbegivenmorepraised.父母应给孩子更多表扬→孩子应该更多地被父母表扬Howtore-writethesentences?如何改写句子？isof+名词=is+形容词主动改被动(2)简单句变复合句例：Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.孩子应该被更多地鼓励。这有助于他们学的更快。=Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,whichwillhelpthemlearnfaster.更多地鼓励孩子有助于他们学的更快。Howtore-writethesentences?如何改写句子？(2)简单句变复合句例：Childrenaregivenmorepraise.Theywillachievemoresuccess.孩子应该被更多地表扬。他们会取得更多的成功。=Whengivenmorepraise,childrenwillachievemoresuccess.当得到了更多的表扬，孩子会取得更多成功。Howtore-writethesentences?如何改写句子？(3)直接引语变间接引语例：MarylookedatJerrydisapprovinglyandsaid,“Youputtoomuchsaltonyourfood,Jerry.Stopit.”（玛丽不认同地看着汤姆，说道：“汤姆。快停下，你放了太多盐。”）=MaryaskedJerrynottoputtoomuchsaltonhisfood.（玛丽说汤姆放了太多盐。）Howtore-writethesentences?如何改写句子？5.句意理解法：例：ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingmoreincreasinglypopular.（网上购物变得越来越流行。）=MoreandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.（越来越多的人选择网上购物）Howtore-writethesentences?如何改写句子？总结：1、同意替换法（主语和宾语位置调换）2、正话反说或反话正说3、词性转换4、句式变化（被动-主动、简单句-复合句）5、句意理解（根据句子意思自行改写）Howtore-writethesentences?如何改写句子？HeknewsEnglish______.HehadaverygoodcommandofEnglish.Hereceivedawelcomethatwasascoldasice.Hereceiveda(n)_____welcome.icyPractice练习well词性转换同义词替换Hurryup______you’llmissthetrain.Hurryup.Ifyoudon’t,you’llmissthetrain.Practice练习or合并句子Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewholeday.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Re-write改写句子Theimportanceofgettingupearlyinthemorningcanneverbeignoreed.（早起的重要性不应该被忽视。）Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions.Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthananyothertimeoftheday.Ifwedosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,wecanbuildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthier.Re-write改写句子Itenablesustohaveabettermemoryandahealthierbody.(早起让我们有更好的记忆和更健康的身体。)Alsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyofthedayifwegetupearly.However,ifwegetuplate,wewillprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry.Re-write改写句子Agoodpreparationforthedaycanbeachieved.(要为早起做一个良好的准备)Letus