HOWTOGROWOLD(如何平静老去?)HOWTOGROWOLD如何平静老去?ByBertrandRussell波特兰·罗素Translatedbysog@2005-4-513:48古典的英国英语很难翻译,特别是罗素的文章。早几年读傅雷翻译的罗素文章,看着文章很平淡,但是不经意间说出来的话,需要你回味很长时间。这篇演讲稿更加堪称经典,忙里偷闲,拿这篇文章练一下手,欠妥处请多指点。sog@2005-4-513:471.Inspiteofthetitle,thisarticlewillreallybeonhownottogrowold,which,atmytimeoflife,isamuchmoreimportantsubject.Myfirstadvicewouldbetochooseyourancestorscarefully.Althoughbothmyparentsdiedyoung,Ihavedonewellinthisrespectasregardsmyotherancestors.Mymaternalgrandfather,itistrue,wascutoffintheflowerofhisyouthattheageofsixty-seven,butmyotherthreegrandparentsalllivedtobeovereighty.OfremoterancestorsIcanonlydiscoveronewhodidnotlivetoagreatage,andhediedofadiseasewhichisnowrare,namely,havinghisheadcutoff。不管标题是怎么写的,这篇文章实际上告诉你的是如何减缓衰老,这样一个主题在我现在的生命阶段是很重要的。我的第一个建议是认真仔细的去考察一下自己的宗谱。虽然我的父母去世的比较早,但是我的别的祖先都活的比较长寿。我敬爱的祖父,在67岁结束了自己像花期一样富有朝气的生命,我的其余几位祖辈的年龄都超过了80。在别的远祖当中,只有一位活的不是很长久,他死于一种被砍头的现在已经灭绝的疾病(不知道怎么很好的翻译这一句幽默)。2.Agreatgrandmotherofmine,whowasafriendofGibbon,livedtotheageofninety-two,andtoherlastdayremainedaterrortoallherdescendants.Mymaternalgrandmother,afterhavingninechildrenwhosurvived,onewhodiedininfancy,andmanymiscarriages,assoonasshebecameawidow,devotedherselftowoman’shighereducation.ShewasoneofthefoundersofGirtonCollege,andworkedhardatopeningthemedicalprofessiontowomen.SheusedtorelatehowshemetinItalyanelderlygentlemanwhowaslookingverysad.Sheinquiredthecauseofhismelancholyandhesaidthathehadjustpartedfromhistwograndchildren.“Goodgracious”,sheexclaimed,“Ihaveseventy-twograndchildren,andifIweresadeachtimeIpartedfromoneofthem,Ishouldhaveadismalexistence!”“Madresnaturale,”hereplied.Butspeakingasoneoftheseventy-two,Ipreferherrecipe.Aftertheageofeightyshefoundshehadsomedifficultyingettingtosleep,soshehabituallyspentthehoursfrommidnightto3a.m.inreadingpopularscience.Idonotbelievethatsheeverhadtimetonoticethatshewasgrowingold.This,Ithink,isproperrecipeforremainingyoung.Ifyouhavewideandkeeninterestsandactivitiesinwhichyoucanstillbeeffective,youwillhavenoreasontothinkaboutthemerelystatisticalfactofthenumberofyearsyouhavealreadylived,stilllessoftheprobablebrevityofyoufuture.我的一位祖母,她是Gibbon的朋友,活了92岁,直到生命的最后一天一直都让她的子孙后代感到惊奇。我慈爱的祖母,抚养成人9个孩子,另有一个早年夭折,其中另有流产的例子。当她成为一个寡妇的时候,全身心投入到妇女高等教育当中,她是Girton学院的创始人之一,并且在妇女医疗方面做了大量的工作。她经常给我们讲述她在意大利遇到一位年老绅士的故事,当时,这位老年人看上去很忧愁悲伤。祖母去询问缘由,老人告诉他说是因为刚和两个孙子离别。祖母惊叹道:“天啊!我有72个孙子,如果我和他们每一个离别的时候都感到悲哀不开心,我肯定生活的非常凄凉。”老绅士听了便转悲为欣。我便是她说的72个孙子之一。在80岁之后,她发现自己睡眠不是很好,于是她养成了从午夜到凌晨3点钟阅读流行科学杂志的习惯。我一直不相信她会有空余时间去注意到自己已经变老了,我认为这是保持年轻的一种好方法。如果你有广泛、热烈的兴趣和日常行动并在其中有很好的效率,你没有缘由去成天想那些已经逝去的许多岁月,并很少考虑不会太长久的将来年月。3.AsregardshealthIhavenothingusefultosaysinceIhavelittleexperienceofillness.IeatanddrinkwhateverIlike,andsleepwhenIcannotkeepawake.Ineverdoanythingwhateveronthegroundthatitisgoodforhealth,thoughinactualfactthethingsIlikedoingaremostlywholesome.有关于健康方面,我没有太多有用的建议可以讲,因为我很少得病。我吃喝自己喜欢的东西,困顿了就去睡觉。我从来不按照任何所谓有益健康的(医生)建议行事,虽然我所做的任何喜欢的事情都是非常有益于健康的。4.Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptioninthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefutureandtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy:one’sownpastisgraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindkeener.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.在精神生活方面老年人有两个方面的危险因素需要注意。其中之一就是老是沉浸在过去的会议中,不能在回忆当中生活,不要为逝去的好岁月感到遗憾,也不要为已经去世的朋友感到悲哀。一个人的思想必须被引导向未来和那些必须要完成的事情上。这并不是一件容易做到的事情:一个人的过去岁月在逐渐的增多,很容易沉湎于那些昔日的雄心抱负,和那些无法忘怀的情结。如果情形确实是这样的,就应当都去忘却;如果都忘记了,逝去的就不应当是真实的。5.Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeofsuckingvigorfromitsvitality.Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlives,andifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoung,youarelikelytobecomeaburdentothem,unlesstheyareunusuallycallous.Idonotmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinerestinthem,butone’sinterestshouldbecontemplativeand,ifpossible,philanthropic,butnotundulyemotional.Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselves,buthumanbeings,owingtothelengthofinfancy,findthisdifficult.另外一件事情,就是尽量避免抱着从青年人身上获取活力的目的去亲密接近年轻人,如果你一定要对他们抱有兴趣,除非他们冷淡无情,否则你很快会成为他们的负担。我并不是说老年人不应当对年轻人有兴趣,但是老人的兴趣应当是沉思冥想、保守的。应当是博爱的,而且不要包含太多的感情因素。动物们当自己的孩子变得能够照看自己的时候,都会对他们变得比较冷漠;但是对人类而言,因为幼年期比较长,最后发现要做到这一点比较困难。6.Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsinvolvingappropriateactivities.Itisinthisspherethatlongexperienceisreallyfruitful,anditisinthisspherethatthewisdombornofexperiencecanbeexercisedwithoutbeingoppressive.Itisnousetellinggrown-upchildrennottomakemistakes,bothbecausetheywillnotbelieveyou,andbecausemistakesareanessentialpartofeducation.Butifyouareoneofthosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterests,youmayfindthatyourlifewillbeemptyunlessyouconcernyourselfwithyouchildrenandgrandchildren.Inthatcaseyoumustrealizethatwhileyoucanstillrenderthemmaterialservices,suchasmakingthemanallowanceorknittingthemjumpers,youmustnotexpectthattheywillenjoyyourcompany.我