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必修一Unit1friendshipGrammar从容说课Thisisthefourthteachingperiodofthisunit.Totestwhetherthestudentshavegraspedtheimportantanddifficultlanguagepointstheylearnedinthelastperiod,theteachershouldfirstofferthemsomerevisionexercises.Thisteachingperiodisagrammarlesson.ThestudentsareexpectedtomakeclearthedifferencesbetweenDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeechandgraspthemainusagesoftheminthisperiod.Studentsoftenfeelgrammarveryabstractandboring,soitisnecessarytomaketheclasslivelyandinteresting.Examplesentencesandgrammarsummaryshouldbecarefullydesignedsoastomakeiteasyforstudentstounderstandandaccept.Inthislesson,wewillfirstofferasupposedsituationandmakethestudentslearnaboutthedifferencesbetweenDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.ThesituationmakesstudentsknowthatwhentalkinginourdailylifesometimeswehavegottouseDirectSpeechandsometimeswealsoneedtouseIndirectSpeech.Thisistohelpthemtohavethesensetoconnectgrammarformwithrealsituationsinourdailylife.Ifwewanttoexpressourselvesclearlyandcorrectly,weshoulduseaproperformoflanguage,otherwiseotherscan’tunderstandus.Thatiswhyitisnecessaryforustohavesomeknowledgeingrammar.Lateron,we’llshowandexplaintherulesofthesegrammaritems,thatistosay,tomakethestudentsknowhowtochangeDirectSpeechintoIndirectSpeechandIndirectSpeechintoDirectSpeech.ThenaskthemtodoexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructures,LearningaboutlanguageonPage5.Itwillmakethestudentsfurtherknowaboutthedifferencesandgrasptheusages.Thisalsocanhelpthestudentsconnectgrammarruleswithproperlanguageformssoastomakegrammarruleslessabstract.ThenwewillaskthestudentstodoExercise1inUsingstructuresonPage42.Ifthestudentshavedifficulty,helpthemandchecktheirmistakeswiththehelpofthegrammarrules.Tellthestudentsnotjusttolearnsomesimplegrammarrulesbuttolearnandusetheminpracticalsituations.Forexample,myfriendsays,“Iwillcomeheretomorrow.”IfusingIndirectSpeech,youcanexpressitinmanydifferentways.1.Ifatthesametimeinthesameplace,youshouldsay:Myfriendsaysshe(he)willcomeheretomorrow.2.Ifthetimehaschangedandstillinthesameplace,youshouldsay:Myfriendsaidshe(he)wouldcomeherethenextday.3.Iftheplacehaschangedandthetimeisstilltoday,youshouldsay:Myfriendsaidshe(he)wouldgotheretomorrow.4.Ifboththetimeandtheplacehavechanged,youshouldsay:Myfriendsaidshe(he)wouldgotherethenextday.5.Ifboththetimeandtheplacehavechanged,theothershouldsay:He(She)saidhe(she)wouldgotherethenextday.Ifstudentslearnthegrammarthisway,itiseasierforthemtograsp.教学重点SummarizetherulesofDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.教学难点Getthestudentstolearnaboutthespecialcasesinwhichthetensesshouldn’tbechanged.教学方法Discussing,summarizingandpracticing教具准备Aprojectorandothernecessaryteachingtools三维目标Knowledgeaims:GetthestudentstolearnandgrasptherulesofDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.Abilityaims:Getthestudentstobeabletousetherulestoexpresstheirmeaningsandretailothers’correctly.Emotionalaims:1.Getthestudentsnottobeafraidofgrammarlearning.2.Getthestudentstodeveloptheirsenseofgroupcooperation.教学过程→Step1Revision1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.2.Haveadictationtowritesomeimportantwordsandexpressions.Suggestedwordsandexpressions:upsetignoreconcernloosecheatreasonsharenaturethunderentirelygothroughhideawaycalmdownsetdowngrowcrazyaboutonpurposefacetofaceaccordingto3.Translatesomesentencesusingthepatternswehavelearned.Suggestedsentences:1）为了上课不迟到，他七点钟就出发了。(inorderto)2）小明昨天没来上学确实是因为生病了。(Itis...that...)3）这小房间里太闹。(fartoomuch)4）那是我第一次到北京。(Itis/wasthefirst/secondtime/that...)Suggestedanswers:1）Inordernottobelateforclass,hesetoffatseveno’clock./Hesetoffatseveno’clockinordernottobelateforclass.2）ItisbecausehewasillthatXiaomingdidn’tcometoschool.3）Thereisfartoomuchnoiseinthesmallroom.4）ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeentoBeijing.→Step2Lead-inTelltheclass:Inthelastlesson,welearnedAnneFrank’sstory.Sheistellingherstoriestotwoofherfriends—youandMary.Maryhassomethingwrongwithherears,soyouhavetorepeatAnne’ssentences,usingIndirectspeech.SometimesyouexplainMary’ssentencestoAnne.“Ihavetostayinthehidingplace.”saidAnne.→Annesaidshehadtostayinthehidingplace.“Doyoufeelsadwhenyouarenotabletogooutdoors?”MaryaskedAnne.→MaryaskedAnneif/whethershefeltsadwhenshewasnotabletogooutdoors.“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,”saidAnne.→Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary?”Maryasked.→Maryaskedwhatshecalledherdiary....Getthestudentstogoonthistopicbythemselves.→Step3Grammar1.Telltheclass:Nowlet’slookatthesesentencesagain.IfwewanttochangeDirectSpeechintoIndirectSpeech,whatshouldbechanged?2.Getthestudentsdiscussbythemselves.Perhapsmoststudentscanfindsentencestructures,tenses,pronouns,adverbialsoftimeandplaceandverbsshouldbechanged.3.Showthestudentstheformonthescreen.Thesearetherules.当我们引用别人的话时，如果我们引用别人的原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语，一般用“”引起来。如果我们用自己的话把意思转述出来，被转述的部分称为间接引语，间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1）直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导。Marysaid,“Iamveryhappytohelpyou.”→Marysaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou.2）直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeplayingbasketball?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingbasketball.注意：大多数情况下，if