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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解AYoumusthaveheardofTeslamotors,butdoyouknowNicolaTesla?Bornon10thJuly1856inCroatia,inEasternEurope.Teslawasinterestedinelectricityfromaveryyoungage.In1881,oneofthefirsttelephoneexchangesopenedinBudapest.Teslamovedthereandgotajob.ItwasherethatTeslafirstthoughtoftheideaofthealternatingcurrent(交流电)(AC).In1884,TeslamovedtoAmericaandworkedforThomasEdison.ButTeslaworkedforEdisonforlessthanayear.TeslawassurehisACmotorwasthebestwaytocapture(获取)andtransportthepowerofelectricity.However,Edisonthoughthiswayofusingdirectcurrent(DC)wasbetterandconsideredACtobeunsafe.ButsoonthescientificcommunityacceptedACwasmorepowerfulthanDCanditwasprovedsafe.In1895,TesladesignedthefirstwaterpowerplantusingtheenergyoftheNiagaraFalls.AndhediditusingtheACmotor.AfterthesuccessofAC,Teslabecamewell-known.Hetravelledandspoketomanyscientistsabouthisinventionsandideas.Hebuiltalargelaboratorywherehedidamazingthingswithlightsandelectricity.However,itburneddownnotlongafteritwasbuilt.AsTeslagotolder,hecontinuedtocomeupwithnewideasandtheories.Buthewaslesssuccessfulandfamous.Manypeopledidn’trecognizethatparticularinventionswerereallyTesla’sideas.Teslagavespeechesaboutcreatingelectricalpowerfromtheearth’satmosphere.Healsotalkedaboutwaysthatwirelesselectricityandcommunicationcouldpowerthingsallovertheworld!Buttothepeopleofhistime,theseideassoundedcrazy.However,someofhisideashavenowbeensupportedbymodernresearchandtechnology.Tesla’slastyearswerelonelyandsad.Hereceivedmanyawards,butreceivedverylittlemoney.Whenhediedin1943,hewasnolongerfamousandfeltforgotten.Today,notmanypeopleknowthenameofNicolaTeslabuthisinventionsandideasaffectourliveseveryday!1.WhydidTeslastopworkingforEdison?A.Teslawasbadlypaidthere.B.Theyhadsomedisagreements.C.Theyhadverydifferentcharacters.D.TeslawantedtomovebacktoEurope.2.Inhislateryears,Tesla.A.livedacolorfullifeB.wasmisunderstoodanddoubtedC.wasunabletothinkoutnewideasD.rosetofameasanaward-winninginventor3.WecanlearnfromthetextthatTesla.A.becamefamousasanassistanttoEdisonB.wasaheadofmoderntechnologyC.hadgreatinterestintravellingD.wasnotgoodatspeeches4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NicolaTesla,achallengerfordifficultiesB.NicolaTesla,adreamerinscienceC.NicolaTesla,aforgotteninventorD.NicolaTesla,astrangescientist语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位被遗忘的伟大科学家和发明家尼古拉•特斯拉。答案及剖析:1.B细节理解题。根据第二段中TeslawassurehisACmotorwasthebestwaytocapture(获取)andtransportthepowerofelectricity.However,Edisonthoughthiswayofusingdirectcurrent(DC)wasbetterandconsideredACtobeunsafe.ButsoonthescientificcommunityacceptedACwasmorepowerfulthanDCanditwasprovedsafe.可知,特斯拉主张用交流电机传输电流,而爱迪生更看好自己的直流电,由此可推测,两人之间的分歧导致特斯拉不再继续为爱迪生工作。2.B推理判断题。根据第四段的Manypeopledidn’trecognizethatparticularinventionswerereallyTesla’sideas及第五段的theseideassoundedcrazy.可知,特斯拉在晚年遭受误解和质疑。3.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的However,someofhisideashavenowbeensupportedbymodernresearchandtechnology.可知,Tesla走在了现代科技的前面。4.C标题归纳题。文章首句以问句形式引出本文的主人公,文章结尾句Today,notmanypeopleknowthenameofNicolaTeslabuthisinventionsandideasaffectourliveseveryday!与首句相呼应,结合全文内容可知,特斯拉是一名伟大的发明家,然而却不被人们所铭记。由此可知C项作文章标题贴切。B(2018湖南湘潭高三三模)JohnGlenn,thefirstAmericantoorbittheearth,diedat95,whowasthelastsurvivingmemberofagroupknownas“theMercurySeven”testpilotswhowerechosentobecomeAmerica’sfirstastronauts.BarackObamareleasedastatementaboutGlenn’sdeath:“OurnationhaslostaniconandMichelleandIhavelostafriend.”HepraisedGlennforalifetimeofbreakingbarriers,includingsettingatranscontinentalspeedrecordandbecomingtheoldestmanevertogointospace.HeservedasamilitarypilotinWorldWarⅡandtheKoreanconflict.Then,heservedasatestpilotonmilitaryairplanes.OnFebruary20,1962,GlennbecamethefirstAmericantoorbittheearth.HeflewaspacecraftnamedtheFriendship7.Heorbitedthreetimesduringthealmostfive-hourflight.In1998,healsobecametheoldestmantoflyinspace.TheUnitedStatesspaceagency,NASA,wantedtostudythepossibleeffectsofspacetravelonoldpeople.NASAsaidthattheyalreadyhadsomuchinformationaboutGlenn,sohewasperfectforit.Glennwasnotonlyanastronautbutapolitician.HewasamemberoftheDemocraticParty.Hefirstsoughtpoliticalofficein1964,torepresentOhiointheUSSenate.Hewithdrewfromtheraceafteraninjury,however.Heranagainsixyearslaterbutdidn’twintheparty’snomination.Finally,in1974,onhisthirdattempt,OhioelectedJohnGlenntotheUSSenate.HeremainedamemberoftheUSSenateuntil1999.Later,GlennhelpedtocreateapublicserviceschoolatOhioStateUniversitywhichbecametheJohnGlennCollegeofPublicAffairs.5.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnGlenn?A.Hebecameanastronautin1962.B.Hebecamethefirstpersontoorbittheearth.C.Heoncemadealongspaceflightaroundtheearth.D.Hewasthelasttobechosenasamemberofthetestpilots.6.Theunderlinedword“icon”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“”.A.heroB.signC.partnerD.leader7.Accordingtothetext,NASAthoughtthatGlennwasperfectforthestudybecause.A.hewasasoldieraswellasapoliticianB.heorbitedthreetimesduringthespaceflightC.theyhadalreadyknownmuchabouthishobbyD.hewasanexperiencedoldmaninspaceflight语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了美国第一位环绕地球的宇航员JohnGlenn的生平。答案及剖析:5.C细节理解题。根据“OnFebruary20,1962,GlennbecamethefirstAmericantoorbittheearth.”可知A