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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018江苏苏州一模)InEnglishtheskyisblue,andthegrassisgreen.ButinVietnamesethereisjustonecolorcategoryforbothskyandgrass:xanh.Fordecadescognitive(认知的)scientistshavepointedtosuchexamplesasevidencethatlanguagelargelydetermineshowweseecolor.Butnewresearchwithfour-tosix-month-oldbabiesindicatesthatlongbeforewelearnlanguage,weseeuptofivebasiccategoriesofcolor—afindingthatsuggestsastrongerbiologicalelementtoperceive(感知)colorthanpreviouslythought.Thestudy,publishedrecentlyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA,testedthecolor-discriminationabilitiesofmorethan170Britishbabies.ResearchersattheUniversityofSussexinEnglandmeasuredhowlongbabiesspentstaringatcolorswatches,asystemknownaslookingtime.Firstbabieswereshowedoneswatchrepeatedlyuntiltheirlookingtimedecreased—asigntheyhadgrownboredwithit.Thentheresearchersshowedthemadifferentsampleandnotedtheirreaction.Longerlookingtimeswereexplainedtomeanthebabiesconsideredthesecondsampletobeanewcolor.Theirincreasingresponsesshowedthattheydistinguishedamongfivecolors:red,green,blue,purpleandyellow.“Thefindingsuggestsyoucomebynaturetomakecolordistinctions,butgivenyourcultureandlanguage,certaindistinctionsmayormaynotbeused,”explainsleadauthorAliceSkelton,adoctoralstudentatSussex.Thestudysystematicallyexploredbabies’colorperception,revealinghowweperceivecolorsbeforewehavethewordstodescribethem,saysAngelaM.Brown,anexperimentalpsychologistattheOhioStateUniversity’sCollegeofOptometry,whowasnotinvolvedwiththenewresearch.Theresultsaddanewchallengetothelongnature-versus-nurturedebateandtheso-calledSapirWhorfhypothesis(假设)—theideathatthewayweseetheworldisshapedbylanguage.Infuturework,Skeltonandhercolleaguesareinterestedintestingbabiesfromothercultures.“Thewaylanguageandcultureinteractisareallyinterestingquestion,”shesays.“Wedon’tyetknowtheexactsystems,butwedoknowhowwestartoff.”1.What’sthefindingofthenewresearch?A.Itclarifieswhatmakesbabiesperceivecolors.B.Itproveshumancolorrecognitionisinborn.C.Itfindshowmanycolorsbabiescanperceive.D.Itshowsthecolorcultureisshapedbylanguage.2.Accordingtothenewresearch,wecanlearnthat.A.swatchesaffectbabiesinmemoryandattentionB.longerlookingtimesarebasedonthepsychologyC.researchersdeterminebabies’colorperceptionD.babiescantellthedifferencesofsomecolors3.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RainbowintheBaby’sWorldB.AJourneytotheWorldofColorsC.ANewChallenge:Languagevs.CultureD.DifferentBabies,DifferentColorPerception语篇解读:本文是说明文。英国萨塞克斯大学一项对婴儿的研究发现,人类生来具有区分颜色的能力。答案及剖析:1.B细节理解题。根据第一段“Butnewresearchwithfour-tosix-month-oldbabies...toperceive(感知)colorthanpreviouslythought”可知,对4—6个月大的婴儿研究后发现在我们学习语言前,已看出多达5种基本颜色。即人类辨别颜色的能力是天生的。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段“Theirincreasingresponsesshowedthattheydistinguishedamongfivecolors:red,green,blue,purpleandyellow.”可知,婴儿能够区分一些颜色。3.A文章标题题。通读全文可知,最新研究表明婴儿具有区分颜色的能力。“rainbow(彩虹)”在此指代颜色。故A项“婴儿世界里的彩虹(色彩)”作为标题最合适。BInstagramiscontainingsomanyphotosoffood—nowapop-updinerinLondonistakingadvantageofthisnewtrendbylettingpeoplesettlethebillfortheirmealssimplybyuploadingphotosoftheirdishestosocialnetworks.Ialwaysthoughtpeople’stakingpicturesoftheirfoodwaskindofsilly,butatthisnewpop-uprestaurantintheUK,I’dprobablydoittoo.‘ThePictureHouse’istheworld’sfirstpay-by-photorestaurant—youorder,clickaphotoofthefood,shareonInstagramandeatforfree!TherestaurantbelongstofrozenfoodgiantBirdsEye,whocameupwiththeideatocashinonpeople’saddictionwithphotographingfoodandsharingthepicturesonline.TheyconductedasurveyandfoundoutthatmorethanhalfoftheBritishpopulationregularlytookpicturesoftheirmeals.Sotheyrealizeditwasabetterwaytoadvertisetheirnewdiningrange.Thepop-updinerwasopeninSoho,LondonforthreedaysinMay,andisnowmovingtoothermajorUKcities.Theyservetwo-coursemealsthatcustomersdon’thavetopayfor,iftheyphotoandInstagramit.TherestaurantisapartofBirdsEye’s‘FoodforLife’campaign,anewmarketingprojectthataimsatchangingthewaypeoplelookatfrozenfood.“Takingphotosoffoodenablespeopletoshowoffandtosharetheirmealtimemoments—fromtheeverydaytothespecial,”saidmarketingdirectorMargaretJobling.ThereactiontoThePictureHousehasbeengreatsofar.Andthepay-by-pictureconcepthasproventobeaneffectiveway.Alternativepaymentmethodsareactuallygainingpopularityamongalotofbusinesses.Lastyear,inacafeinGermanycustomerspaybyhowmuchtimetheyspendthere,notbywhattheyeat.4.Instagramprobablyis.A.arestaurantfreeofchargeB.acampaignof“FoodforLife”C.anewmarketingprojectD.aprogramusedtosharephotos5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothisnewtrend?A.Opposed.B.Interested.C.Confused.D.Unconcerned.6.‘ThePictureHouse’encouragessharingphotosofitsfoodto.A.attractmorecustomersB.raisethepriceoffrozenfoodC.createanewsocialmediatrendD.rewardtheregularcustomers7.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?A.NoNeedtoPay.B.ThePop-upDiner.C.PaybyPicture.D.FoodforLife.语篇解读:本文是记叙文。讲的是英国一家餐厅将餐厅经营与时下流行的照片分享相结合的事例。人们上传照片可免单。答案及剖析:4.D推理判断题。从全文大意中可推断出Instagram是用于共享照片的程序,故选D。5.B推理判断题。根据第二段中Ialwaysthoughtpeople’stakingpicturesoftheirfoodwaskindofsilly,butatthisnewpop-uprestaurantintheUK,I’dprobablydoittoo.可以看出作者在这