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Unit2Theenvironment能力提升题组训练(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2018无锡高三三模)Fedupwithconstantlyhavingtorechargeorreplacebatteriesinyourever-expandingelectronicdevices?Thesolutionmaybejustafewstepsaway.“Energyharvesting”promisestopowercountlessconsumerdevices,oftenwithnothingmorethanyourbody’smovementorheat.Dozensofcompaniesaroundtheworldalreadyoffersuchproducts,butmanyexpertsbelievethemarketforthetechnologycouldexplodeduetoelectronicdevicesbeingdevelopedfortheInternetofThings.“It’shuge,”saidGrahamMartin,CEOoftheEnOceanAlliance,aSanRamon-basedgroupofbusinessesthatpromoteswirelessenergy-harvestingtechnologies.WiththeInternetofThingsexpectedtocombinebillionsofdevices,“iftheyareallbattery-powered,we’llhaveaproblembecausethere’snotenoughlithium(锂)intheworld,”headded.“Soalotofthemwillhavetouseenergyharvesting.”Amongthemostbasicformsofthetechnologyisbodypower.Whencertainmaterialsaresqueezedorstretched,themovementoftheiratomscreatesanelectricalcharge.Automaticwatcheshaveemployedtheconceptfordecades,forexample,bywindingthemselveswhentheirusermovestheirarm.Now,theconceptisbeingconsideredforanumberofotherdevices.Inacontestseekingvisionaryideasforwearabletechnologies,Intelawarded$5,000foraconcepttochangethetemperaturedifferencebetweenaperson’sbodyandaspecialpieceofclothingthey’dwearintoelectricityformobiledevices.Usingsoundtopowerdevicesisanotherenergy-harvestingvariation.StanfordUniversityengineersaretestingsmartmicrochipsthatcreateelectricityfromultrasoundtopowerimplantabledevicesthatcananalyzeaperson’snervoussystemortreattheirdiseases.AtextileresearchassociationinSpainisproposingtoobtainelectricityfromradiowavesthatflowaroundeveryonetopowersensorssewnintoclothes,whichcanmonitoraperson’sheartbeatorothervitalsigns.ResearchfirmIDTechExhasestimatedthatannualglobalsalesofenergy-harvestingproductscouldhit$2.6billionby2024,whileWinterGreenResearchpredictssalesof$4.2billionby2019.Obtainingstableenergyfromdevicescanbecomplex,however.Foronething,themotionthatgeneratestheelectricityhastobeconstanttobeuseful.Moreover,theamountofpowerthedevicesproducedependsonthepersonusingthem,accordingtoaColumbiaUniversitystudy.Itdeterminedthattallerpeopleonaverageprovideabout20percentmorepowerthanshorteroneswhenwalking,runningorcycling.It’salsounclearhoweagerlyconsumersmightwelcomeenergy-harvestingproducts.Whilesuchdevicesareexpectedtocostlessthanbattery-poweredalternativeswhencomparedovermanyyears,expertssay,peoplemaycontinuebuyingoneswithbatteriesmerelybecausethosewouldbecheaperintheshortterm.1.Which“explode”inthefollowingsentenceshasthemostsimilarmeaningtotheword“explode”inParagraph2?A.Theywereclearingupwhenthesecondbombexploded.B.Thecontinuedtensioncouldexplodeintomoreviolence.C.Thepopulationexplodedto5,000duringthelasttouristseason.D.Thebossexplodedwhenheheardoftheresignationofthesecretary.2.Whatmakes“energyharvesting”necessaryaccordingtothepassage?A.Thewasteoflithiumintheworld.B.Theincreasingnumberofelectronicdevices.C.Thedevelopmentoftechnology.D.Thepollutioncausedbybatteries.3.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat.A.energy-harvestingproductswillbepopularinthelongrunB.tallerpeoplecansurelyproducealargeramountofpowerC.automaticwatchesharvestenergyfromtheusers’bodyheatD.twowaysofharvestingenergyarementionedinthepassage语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几种能够代替锂电池为电子设备提供电源的能量收集产品,该类产品不仅功能强大,还很环保。答案及剖析:1.C词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句话可知“explode”在句中表示“发展,增加”;C项中“explode”与文中词义一致,表示“游客激增到5000”;故选C。2.B推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话可知能量收集为无数的消费者设备提供能量,由此可推知,正因电子设备数量的激增,才使能量收集成为必要。故选B。3.A推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知,从长远来看,能量收集产品会很受欢迎,故选A。Ⅱ.七选五(2018南昌高三二模)Lastweektheelectricityinmyflatwentout.Ihadjustgothomefromworkandwashappilymakingmytea,whenallofasuddenIwassurroundedbycompletedarkness.Itriedtofixitbutfailed.Ihadtowaitforanelectriciantocomeinthemorning.1.Isatdowntoeatmyhalf-cookeddinner.AndthenIwasn’treallysurewhattodo.MytypicaleveningisspentwatchingTVandlookingthroughsocialmedia.2.Soformeitwasanearlynight.AndIcouldn’thelpbutthink,dowerelytoomuchonelectricity?Thatnight,losingourelectricityfeltlikelosingabasicnecessity.Asbasicasrunningwater.3.Iuseelectricityallthetime,evenwhenit’snotreallynecessary.4.Itcontributestoglobalwarming.Itisharmingourenvironmentandweneedtodowhatwecantostopit.Notonlythat,butifwecontinuetousethesamelargeamountofenergywewillsoonrunout.So,shouldn’twestartpreparingforitnow?Cuttingbackonouruseofelectricitywouldmakelosingitslower,andalsosaveenergyresourcessothattheycouldlastforlonger.5.Andifeveryonedoesthesame,wecanmakeabigdifference.A.Tonightthiswasn’tpossible.B.Obviously,wecan’tsurvivewithoutit.C.Ouroveruseofelectricityisabigproblem.D.Thisleftmeawholenightwithoutanyelectricity.E.Electricitybringsusconvenienceandtrouble.F.Butreally,electricityisaluxurythatwe’vegrowntotakeforgranted.G.IknowforsurethatIcouldcutdownonmyuseofelectricity.答案:1—5DAFCGⅢ.完形填空Researchshowsthatwhenweareabsorbedinanactivity,evenminordistractions(分心)canhaveahugeeffect.Accordingtoastudy,regainingour1drivefollowinganinterruptioncantakeabout20minutes.Multitasking(多任务),asmanystudieshaveshown,isamyth(谬论).Amoreaccurate_2ofwhathappenswhenwetellourselvesw