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Unit2Fitforlife能力提升题组训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018南昌高三二模)Traditionally,robotshavebeenhard,madeofmetalandotherrigidmaterial:ButateamofscientistsatHarvardUniversityintheUShasmanagedtobuildanentirelysoftrobot—onethatdrawsinspirationfromanoctopus(章鱼).DescribedinsciencejournalNature,the“Octobot”couldpavethewayformoreeffectiveautonomousrobotsthatcouldbeusedinsearch,rescueandexploration.“TheOctobotisaminimalsystemwhichmayserveasafoundationforanewgenerationofcompletelysoft,autonomousrobots,”thestudy’sauthorswrote.Robotsbuiltforprecise,repetitivemovementsinacontrolledenvironmentdon’tdosowellonroughterrains(地形)orinunpredictableconditions.Andtheyaren’tespeciallysafearoundhumans,becausethey’remadeoutofhardandheavypartsthatcouldbepotentiallydangeroustotheirusers.Soresearchershavebeenworkingonbuildingsoftrobotsfordecades.They’vetakeninspirationfromnature,lookingtoanimalsfromjellyfishtocockroaches,whichareoftenmadeupofmoreflexiblematter.Butcreatingacompletelysoftrobotremainsachallenge.Evenifengineersbuildasilicone(硅酮)body,it’sstillagrandchallengetoconstructflexibleversionsofessentialparts,suchasasourceofpower.“Althoughsoftroboticsisstillinitsearlystage,itholdsgreatpromiseforseveralapplications,suchassearch-and-rescueoperationsandexploration,”BarbaraMazzolaiandVirgilioMattolioftheItalianInstituteofTechnology’sCenterforMicro-BioRobotics,wroteinacomment.“Softrobotsmightalsoopenupnewapproachestoimprovingwellnessandthequalityoflife.”1.What’sthespecialfeatureof“Octobot”?A.It’ssoft.B.It’smadeofmetal.C.It’sverysmall.D.Itlookslikeanoctopus.2.What’sthedisadvantageoftraditionalrobots?A.They’rehardtocontrol.B.They’retooheavytomove.C.Theycan’tpredictconditions.D.Theycan’tbehavewellallthetime.3.OneofthebiggestchallengesistobuildOctobot’s.A.siliconebodyB.complexcomponentsC.precisemovementsD.flexiblepowersource语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,美国哈佛大学的科学家受到章鱼的启发,制造了软体机器人。这种机器人可用于搜救、探险等行业,比常规机器人更安全。尽管软体机器人的开发和研究尚在早期阶段,但这种机器人的出现也许会为人的健康和生活品质的提高提供新的途径。答案及剖析:1.A细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句中的“TheOctobotisaminimalsystem...completelysoft,autonomousrobots”可知,Octobot的特点是柔软。2.D推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行,此外,由于坚硬并沉重的金属部件,传统机器人可能会对人体产生伤害,故可推知,传统机器人并非总是很好地运行。3.D细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“Evenifengineersbuildasiliconebody...suchasasourceofpower.”可知,即使工程师利用硅酮制造出了软体机器人的身体,但建造柔韧性强的关键部件仍面临巨大的挑战,如动力来源。所以制造软体机器人最大的挑战之一是柔韧性强的动力来源。BIamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou—therearenofightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient—please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.4.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.providerB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctor5.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.D.Theicewon’tlastanylonger.6.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon.B.ToNewark.C.ToProvidence.D.ToWashington.语篇解读:作者讲述了自己一次运送干细胞的经历。表现了人们之间的友爱。答案及剖析:4.B猜测词义题。根据下文的讲解内容“I’vedone89trips”“fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost”等可知,作者是一个运送干细胞的人,因此courier与B项中的deliveryman同义。5.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.”可知答案。6.B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“Shearrangedforaflight...re-routed(改道)methroughNewark...”可知答案。Ⅱ.语法填空Thefirstpracticalcoolingsystemforuseinindustrywasinventedin19221.WillisCarrierinNewYork,theUSA.Hecontinuedtoimprovehis2.(invent)and,in1928,developedthefirstairconditionerforhomeuse.In1939,elevenyearslater,anAmericancarcompanyintroducedthefirstairconditionerforcars,whichmade3.possibleforpeopletodriveinamorecomfortableenvironment.AfterWorldWarⅡ,manyAmerican4.(company)beganmakingairconditionersand,beginningin1950,manyhomesintheUSA5.(equip)withcentralairconditioning.Centralairconditioningusesasingleunit6.(heat)orcoolawholehouse.Withthis,peoplecouldescapetheheatofsummerandthecoldofwinternomatter7.theywereinthehouse.Inthe1970s,electricitybecamemoreandmoreexpensive,sopeopledeveloped8.(good)airconditioners9.(save)money.Later,thecoolinggasinairconditionerswasfoundtopollutetheenvironment,soengineers10.(work)toproduceairconditionersmorefriendlytotheenvi