第二讲正确使用并列句与复合句增分句型(一)独立又相依的并列句并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来,这种简单句常被叫做分句。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立,互不依从,但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系,通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号,也可不用逗号。它的基本模式是:简单句+并列连词+简单句(一)常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型连词并列关系(递进关系)and,when,both...and...,notonly...but(also)...,neither...nor...转折关系but,yet,whereas,however选择关系or,otherwise,orelse,either...or...,not...but...因果关系because,as,for,so,therefore,thus,dueto对比关系while①HalfofthegirlschoosefilmandTVstarsastheiridols,while48%oftheboysfavorsportsstars.一半的女孩选择电影和电视明星作为她们的偶像,而48%的男孩更喜欢体育明星。②(2018·北京高考书面表达)YoumayhavetroubleinadjustingyourselftothelifeinBeijing,soIsuggestthatyoumakefullpreparationsinadvance.你可能在适应北京生活方面有困难,因此我建议你提前做好充分准备。③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Notonlywillallkindsofpapercuttingworkscreatedbyfamousartistsofthisfieldbeonshowthatday,butalotofusefulandinterestingactivitieswillbeheldaswell.那天不仅会有这一领域的著名艺术家所创作的各种剪纸作品展出,而且还会举办许多有用且有趣的活动。④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Ifyou'reinterestedinit,eitheryoumaysendanemailto12345@sina.comoryoucansignupinperson.如果你感兴趣,您可以发送电子邮件至12345@sina.com或亲自报名。⑤(2017·北京高考书面表达)Somecompromiseswereunavoidable,butthevideoturnedoutperfect.一些妥协是不可避免的,但视频结果是完美的。⑥(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Iknowyoutakegoodpicturesandyou'vealwayswantedtodosomethingforenvironmentalprotection.我知道你拍照好,并且你总是想着为环境保护做些事情。(二)使用并列句的注意事项1.notonly...butalso...在连接两个并列分句时,如果notonly置于句首,notonly所在的分句需用部分倒装语序。①(2018·浙江高考写作)Firstly,notonlycanIspeakfluentEnglish,butalsoIhavelittledifficultycommunicatingwithforeigners.首先,我不仅能说一口流利的英语,而且和外国人交流也毫无困难。②Notonlydotheyofferusjoyandexcitement,buttheyalsoencourageustothinkcritically.他们不仅提供给了我们喜悦和兴奋,还鼓励我们批判性思考。2.表示“虽然……但是……”这一转折关系时,连接词but不能与though/although连用。虽然我当时很累,但是我感到非常幸福。①AlthoughIwasverytiredthenbutIfeltveryhappy.(×)②AlthoughIwasverytiredthen,Ifeltveryhappy.(√)③IwasverytiredthenbutIfeltveryhappy.(√)3.表示因果关系的连词so不与because,as等表示原因的连词连用。因为他生病,所以他那天没去上学。①Because/Ashewasillsohedidn'tgotoschoolthatday.(×)②Because/Ashewasill,hedidn'tgotoschoolthatday.(√)③Hewasillsohedidn'tgotoschoolthatday.(√)[应用体验]用适当的并列连词填空①(2018·北京高考书面表达)FirstIwouldliketoexpressmywarmestwelcometoyouandIamsureyouwillhavethemostunforgettableexperienceduringyourcollegeinBeijing.②(2018·天津高考书面表达)IknowyouonceparticipatedintheRoboticsCompetitionandwontheaward,soyoumusthaveaccumulatedmuchexperienceinit.③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I'msurethatitwillinterestyou,foryouhavebeenenthusiasticaboutpingpong.Therefore,_I'dliketoinviteyoutojointheteam.④(2015·陕西高考书面表达)First,myEnglishisverygoodandI'mopenmindedandwarmhearted,soI'mgettingalongwellwitheveryone.⑤GivemeachanceandIwillgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.⑥Theyoungmanwantedtohelpthedog,butasheapproached,thedogstartedtobark.⑦Wouldyouliketoleaveorwouldyouliketostay?⑧IhadjustfinishedmyhomeworkwhenTomcametome.⑨Somechoosetoavoidthemwhileothersdecidetodealwiththem.⑩Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.[专题过关训练]补全句子1.(2018·北京高考书面表达)虽然外国学生在我们学校学习了很长时间,但他们不知道如何沏茶。Though/Although_the_foreign_students_have_studied_in_our_schoolforalongtime,theydon'tknowhowtomaketea.2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这次展览不仅可以帮助你更好地了解中国民间艺术作品,而且也可以帮助你获得一些剪纸技巧。Theexhibitioncan_not_only_help_you_have_a_better_understanding_ofChinesefolkartworks,but_can_also_help_you_acquiresomepapercuttingskills.3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)别犹豫,如果你有什么问题就问我。Don't_hesitate_and_ask_meifyouhaveanyquestions.4.(2017·江苏高考书面表达)票价正在上涨。因此,电影业应该做出更大的努力来吸引更多的观众。Theticketpriceisontheincrease.Therefore,_the_film_industry_should_make_greaterefforts_to_attractmoreviewers.5.虽然她是一位普通妇女但是确实值得尊敬。Sheisanordinarywomanbut_she_is_really_worth_respecting.6.因此,从现在起,让我们不要在一些不重要的事情上浪费时间,而要经常与我们的父母进行推心置腹的谈话。So,fromnowon,let'snot_waste_our_time_on_unimportant_things_buthaveahearttoheartchatwithourparentsonceinawhile.7.上课时要认真听老师讲课,否则你听不懂他在说什么。Listentotheteachercarefullyinclass,or_you_can't_catch_what_he_is_saying.8.她正走在大街上,这时她听到有人叫她。Shewas_walking_along_the_street_whensheheardsomeonecallingher.增分句型(二)吸引眼球的定语从句定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力,所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。(一)定语从句的类型1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点,尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。①(2018·北京高考书面表达)Lastweek,wetooktheforeignstudentstoexperiencetheauthenticteaculture,whichturnedouttobeextremelyrewarding.上周,我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化,结果证明非常值得。②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Secondly,youwillmakesomegoodfriendswhoarealsointerestedinplayingtabletennis.第二,你会交到一些好朋友,他们也很喜欢打乒乓球。③Asyousee,theChinesepeoplearehardworking.你知道,中国人民是勤劳的。2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when,where,why引导的定语从句。①(2018·北京高考书面表达)ItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyouwhereyoucanbecompletelysoakedinChineseprofoundhistoryandrichculture.它的中国文学专业对你来说是适合的,在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和丰富的文化中。②(2014·安徽高考书面表达)Ithinkthereasonwhyyouarealwaysangrymaybethehighpressureofstudy.我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。3.“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句(2017·北京高考书面表达)Materialcollectingtookusawholeweek,duringwhichweinterviewedourteachersandtookpicturesofeveryaspectofschoollife.搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间,在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。(二)定语从句的写法定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句,在写作时可采用“三步法”:[示例]第一步:写出两个简单句。①TheforeignerisfromCanada.②Hevisitedourclassyesterday.第二步:在句①中找出一处要修饰的词汇:theforeigner。第三步:用句②充当定语从句,theforeigner为先行词指人,句②中的代词he指代theforeigner且在句子中作主语,故用who或that作关系词。Thef