高中英语:非谓语动词课件

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非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式1.谓语动词:概述:2.非谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.•4.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.•5.Iwanttoseeyou.•6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.•7.Myhopeistoseeyou.•8.Heisthemantoseeyou.•9.I’mgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou(作主语)(作宾语)(作宾补)(作表语)(作定语)(作原因状语)(作目的状语)(作结果状语)•12.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.•13.Heenjoysswimming.•14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.•15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.•16.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.•17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语)(作宾语)(作宾补)(作表语)(作状语)(作定语)动词不定式(TheInfinitive)一.动词不定式的基本构成:由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式:todosth否定式:nottodosth.被动式:tobedone完成式:tohavedone二.动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词,形容词和名词的特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补(1)作主语不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve.Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注:常用it做形式主语,将todo放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。句型1:It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2:It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment__spendourholidayinthemountains句型3:Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth(是形容人的品质的)(是形容事物的性质的)Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.=Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.=youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.常见动词有:口诀:想要决定同意,希望许诺选择want,decide,hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise(2)作宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语1.Theywanted____(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.•B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:•tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…know,show,discover,see(understand)•Hetaughtushowtousethetool.•Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.•Ihopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.Idon'tknowhowtogetthere.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.beginstartcontinue+tododoing注意下列动词①②likelovehatepreferlearn+tododoing③rememberforgetregret+tododoing④trymeanstopgoon+tododoing1.Boys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mothertoldme___comebackbefore10o’clock.2.I’llgetsomeone___repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim___changehismind?4.Iwishyou___comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhimadviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest…sb.todoseewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.+dodoingdonemakelethavesb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed+todomadelet2).Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.Didyounoticeanyone(come)in?Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalongtime.Lookatthehorsejump.注意:当这类动词转为被动语态时,其后的不定式则要加上“to”如:Heisoftenheard________thesong·Hewasseen_______theroom.tosingtoenter4.it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting.Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought___better___startearly.2.Doyouconsider___betternot__go?3.Ifeel__myduty__changeallthat.4.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.5.Iknow__impossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,使句子完整、正确。1.Letme______(help)you_______(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_______(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate______(cry),todayhewasmade_______(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_______intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Telltheboy_______outofthewindow.A.nottolookB.tonotlookC.don'tlookD.notlookhelp(to)watertotakecrytocry5.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?(区别主被动)2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.4)不定式为不及物动词时,须加介词Heislookingforaroomtolivein.1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper(写上)4.Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment?Ihavenopen(写)towriteontowritewith动词不定式做定语注意:如果不定式是不及物的,它后面就应有必要的介词。如:Heislookingforaroomtolivein.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