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备课本教研室：文学教研室课程名称：美国文学史及选读任课教师：陈倩德州学院外语系2美国文学史及选读课程的教育目标：通过教学,使学生掌握美国文学的发展史及各阶段具有代表性的主要作家及其作品的主要特色，具备一定的分析鉴赏英语文学作品的能力,帮助培养学生的英语思维能力,提高英语整体水平。课程的基本要求：要求学生有目的、较系统地了解和掌握美国文学的发展史及各阶段具有代表性的主要作家及其作品的主要特色。课程的重点与难点：对具有代表性的作家的评价，对著名的美国小说和诗歌的分析、鉴赏及评价。主要参考书目《美国文学简史》（第二版）常耀信南开大学出版社2004《美国文学选读》李宜燮南开大学出版社2000《牛津文学术语辞典》上海外语教育出版社2000《美国文学大纲》吴定柏上海外语教育出版社19983Introduction1.教学的目的和要求：简述美国文学史，包括美国文学史的5个主要阶段，每个阶段的起止时间，主要特点及代表作家，要求学生了解美国文学史概况2.教学重点：美国文学史的五个阶段及起止时间3.教学难点：各个阶段的主要特点4.教学内容Amliteratureisonelftheyoungestnationalliteratureintheworld.ItbecameacolonyofBritainintheearly17thcentury.AndtheAmericanIndependenceWarstretchedfrom1776to1783.Theshorthistorycanbedividedintoseveralstages:•1.thecolonialperiod•ItstretchedroughlyfromthesettlementofAmintheearly17thCthroughtheendofthe18th.ThefirstpermanentsettlementinAmericawasestablishedbyEnglishin1607.(AgroupofpeoplewassentbytheEnglishkingJamesItohuntforgold.TheyarrivedatVirginiain1607.TheynamedtheJamesRiverandbuildtheJamestown.)HerethemajortopicwillbeaboutAmPuritanism.•2.theRomanticPeriod•Itcoversthefirsthalfofthe19thC,whichisaperiodfollowingthenationalpoliticalindependence.Around1840sarosetheculminationoftheRomanticPeriod---NewEnglandTranscendentalism(1836-1855).•3.theAgeofRealism•Itwasafterthecivilwar(1861-1865)tilltheendofthe19thcentury,coveringthelatterhalfofthe19thC.ThecivilwarbroughttheRomanticperiodtoanend.4.Naturalism(thelastdecadeofthe19thc)•Inthelastdecadeofthe19thc,theageofnaturalismcameintobeing.Naturalistssawman’slifeasgovernedbytwoforces----heredity&environment.5.Modernism•Inthedecadeofthe1920s,therecametheageofmodernism.(herearemanyeminentwritersinthisperiod,suchasT.SEliot,EarnestHemingway,WilliamFaulkner,etc.)6.思考题：简介美国文学史4ChapterILiteratureofColonialAmerica1.教学的目的和要求：介绍对美国文学及美国文化影响重大的清教主义，要求学生理解清教主义的教义，掌握清教主义对美国文学的影响，，殖民时代的主要作家及启蒙时代的特点2.教学重点：清教主义对美国文学的影响3.教学难点：清教主义的教义，爱德华兹和富兰克林各自的哲学思想4.教学内容•IAmericanPuritanism1.originofPuritanInthemediaevalEurope,therewaswidespreadreligiousrevolution.Inthe16thC,theEnglishKingHenryVIII(Atthattime,theCatholicswerenotallowedtodivorceunlesstheyhavethePope’spermission.HenryVIIIwantedtodivorcehiswifebecauseshecouldn’tbearhimason.ButthePopedidn’tallowhimtodivorcebecausehiswifeisthePope’sniece.HenryVIIIbecameverydissatisfiedwiththePope,sohe)brokeawayfromtheRomanCatholicChurch&establishedtheChurchofEngland.ButtherewasnoradicaldifferencebetweenthedoctrinesoftheChurchofEnglandandtheCatholicChurch.AgroupofpeoplethoughttheChurchofEnglandwastooCatholicandwantedtopurifythechurch.ThencamethenamePuritans…OfcoursetheyhaddifferentreligiousbelieffromthatoftheCatholicChurch.2.Puritanism---basedonCalvinism•1)predestination:God’selectPuritansbelievedtheyarepredestinedbeforetheywereborn.Nothingornogoodworkcanchangetheirfate.Theybelievedthesuccessofone’sbusinessisthesigntoshowheistheGod’select.SothePuritansworksveryhard,spendverylittleandinvestmoreforthefuturebusiness.Theylivedaveryfrugallife.Thisistheirethics.•2)originalsinandtotaldepravityManisbornsinful.Thisdeterminesomepuritanspessimisiticattitudetowardlife.•3)limitedatonement(thesalvationofaselectedfew)•4)theocracyTheycombinedstatewithreligion.Theirgovernmentisatleastnotaliberalone.•(ThePuritansestablishedAmtradition---intolerantmoralism.Theystrictlypunisheddrunks,adultery&heretics.Puritanschangedgraduallyduetotheseverityoffrontierenvironment.Puritannism&ConfucianismConfucianism(修身齐家治国平天下))3.InfluenceonAmliterature•1)itsoptimismAmericanliteraturewasfromtheoutsetconditionedbythePuritanheritage.ItcanbesaidAmericanliteratureisbasesontheBiblicalmythoftheGardenofEden.(AdamandEveusedtoliveacarefreelifeintheGardenofEden.luredbythesnake,theyate5theForbiddenFruitintheappletree.ApeiceofapplechokedinAdam’sthroat,thencameAdam’sapple.Afterknowingthetruth,GodbecameveryangryanddrovethemalloutoftheGardenofEden.ThesnakeusedtowalklikemanbutafterthattheGodforcehimtocrawl.ThenmanwasforcedtosufferthelabortokeepthewholefamilyandWomanwasforcedtosuffertheagonyofbabybearing.)Afterthat,manhaveanillusiontorestoretheparadise.Thepuritans,afterarrivingatAmerica,believeingthatGodmusthavesentthemtothisnewlandtorestorethelostparadise,tobuildthewildernessintoanewGardenofEden.Firedwithsuchastrongsenseofmission,theytreatedlifewithatremendousamountofoptimism.TheoptimisticPuritanshasexertedagreatinfluenceonAmericanliterature,•2)Puritan’smetaphoricalmodeofperceptionchangedgraduallyintoaliterarysymbolismIIColonialLiteratureAmericancolonialliteratureisneitherrealliteraturenorAmericanwhy?1.Diaries,histories,journals,letters,etc.personalliteratureinvariousforms2.ColonialLiteratureismainlyEnglishliteraturetraditionimitated&transplanted.AnneBradstreetEdwardTaylorTheycanbecalledservantsofGod.TheirwritingsservedeitherGodorcolonialexpansion.Someothercolonialwriterswroteforcivilandreligiousfreedom,andsomewroteforAmericashakingoffthefettersofthesavageBritishcolonialrule.RogerWilliamsJohnWoolmanThomasPaineOneofmostimportantAmericanprosewritersofthe18thCentury.HewroteanumberofrevolutionaryworkstoattackBritishcolonialrule.1776,hewrote“CommonSense”,whichgreat