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定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导定语从句时，可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。who代指人，作主语或宾语；whom代指人，作动词宾语或介词宾语；whose代指人(＝ofwhom)或物(＝ofwhich)，作定语；which代指物，作主语或宾语；that代指人或物，作主语、宾语或表语。ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.Heisnolongertheboythatheusedtobetwoyearsago.使用关系代词时应注意以下几点：(1)“介词＋关系代词”可以引导定语从句，但关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用who或that。Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.Inthedarkstreet，therewasn’tasinglepersonto_whomshecouldturnforhelp.(2)“whose＋n.”引导定语从句时，可换成“the＋n.＋ofwhom/which”或“ofwhich＋the＋n.”。Helivesinabighousewhosewindowfacesthesea.Helivesinabighousethewindowofwhichfacesthesea.Helivesinabighouseofwhichthewindowfacesthesea.(3)which引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主句，此时which相当于andthis。Hesucceededinthecompetition，whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.【注】判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行词在从句中作什么成分。I’llneverforgetthedaythat/whichIspentwithyouonthefarm.(先行词theday作spent的宾语：Ispentthedaywithyouonthefarm.)I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIworkedtogetherwithyouonthefarm.(先行词theday在从句中作状语：Iworkedtogetherwithyouonthefarmonthatday.)HeworksinthefactorywhichmakescolorTVsets.(先行词thefactory在从句中作主语：ThefactorymakescolorTVsets.)HeworksinthefactorywherecolorTVsetsaremade.(先行词thefactory在从句中作状语：ColorTVsetsaremadeinthefactory.)二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when，where，why在定语从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，引导词要用关系副词。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMr.Lin.Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.2.关系副词常可换成“介词＋关系代词”。when可换成on/in/bywhich等，where可换成at/in/fromwhich等，why换成forwhich。ThisisthefactorywhereIpaidavisittheotherday.Thisisthefactoryto_which_I_paid_a_visittheotherday.Thisisthefactorythat/which_I_visitedtheotherday.3.that有时可以代替关系副词引导定语从句，此时that可以省去，不过这是一种非正式用法。Ithappenedontheday(that/when)Iwasborn.4.way后面的定语从句不能用how引导。如way在从句中作状语，应用inwhich或that引导，甚至还可省略引导词；如作主语或宾语应用that或which引导。Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)hetalks.Thewaythat/whichhethoughtoftosolvetheproblemmightbehelpful.5.fromwhere为“介词＋关系副词”结构，它也可以引导定语从句。Tomhidhimselfbehindthedoor，fromwherehecouldhearthestepsofhismotherclearly.6.as引导的定语从句as有“正如，就像”之意，可引导非限制性定语从句，从句可位于主句的前面、中间或后面；但which引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。Ashadbeenexpected，theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood，whichwehadn’texpected.7.非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号”分隔，并且不能加入and，but，so等连接词。并列句一般由and，but，so等词连接，或中间用“分号”隔开。Hepaidtheboy10forwashingthewindows，mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.Hepaidtheboy10forwashingthewindows，andmostofthemhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.Hepaidtheboy10forwashingthewindows；mostofthemhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.8.定语从句与同位语从句的区别同位语从句是位于名词answer，belief，doubt，decision，explanation，fact，hope，idea，information，news，order，problem，promise，truth等后的句子，并对这些名词进行补充说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词that只起引导作用，不作句子成分，且that不可省略；同位语从句不可用which引导。而定语从句通常是一个不完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语等。Thefactthatshehasn’tknowntheresultoftheexaminationisclear.Thefact(that/which)shetoldmeyesterdayisveryimportant.过关落实1.Somepreschoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter，________theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where解析：where引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。答案：D2.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool，________hewentontoBeijingUniversity.A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat解析：afterwhich引导定语从句，which指上面的句子Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool，表示“在当地高中受教育后上了北京大学”。答案：A3.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity________sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where解析：先行词是activity，关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在这种活动中”，故选where。答案：D4.—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm________weworked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where解析：where引导定语从句修饰thefarm，在从句中作地点状语。答案：D5.Thebookwaswrittenin1946，________theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen解析：1946是先行词，when引导定语从句，由句意可知，关系词前应加since，译为“自从那时……”。答案：D6.Byservingothers，apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself，________canbeveryeyeopeningandrewarding.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。答案：B7.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking，thefirst________Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which解析：ofwhich指ofthethreebooksoncooking；of结构提前，指物时关系代词用which。答案：B8.TheBeatles，________manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember，camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as解析：as引导非限制性定语从句。答案：D9.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty，andoneofthemcameuptous，________wegavesomebellsandglasses.A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich解析：当介词结构(to)提前，指人时，关系代词用whom。答案：B10.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas，shehadrunbackinthedirection________shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich解析：“从哪个方向来”为comefromthedirection，变为定语从句时from提前，用which引导定语从句。答案：D11.Itisfarbetterforonetodrinkmilk，______onegetshealthfulnutrients，thantodrinkcoffee，________containsnonutrientsatall.A.what；whatB.where；asC.fromwhich；whichD.inwhich；what解析：根据句意“人们从牛奶中得到有益健康的营养成分”可知，第一个空应填fromwhich；两个从句都是非限制性定语从句，指物时，关系代词用which，故选C项。答案：C12.LastOctoberChinalauncheditssecondmannedspaceshipShenzhouⅥ，________twoChineseastronautstraveledinspaceforfivedays.A.in