虚拟语气讲解+习题

SubjunctiveMood(1)陈述语气陈述事实或提出看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使语气请求,邀请,命令,警告或劝告等Let’sgo.Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.语气的分类1.Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.2.IwishIweretaller.3.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.4.Ifhehadstudiedharder,hemighthavepassedtheexam.虚拟语气•虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望、假想、猜测、建议，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气的概念a.Ifhewerehere,Iwouldexplaintohimmyselfb.Iftherewerenowaterontheearth,therewouldbenolife.c.Ifwehadtimenow,weshould(would)readitagain.（与现在事实相反）虚拟语气在在条件从句中总结与现在的事实相反从句：did(be动词常用were）主句：would/could/might/shoulddoa.IfIhadseenhimyesterday,Iwouldhaveaskedhimforhelp.b.IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Ishouldnothavemadesuchamistake.c.Iwouldn’thavebelievedit,ifIhadn’tseenithappen.（与过去事实相反）总结与过去的事实相反从句：haddone(过去完成时)主句：would/could/might/shouldhavedonea.Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.b.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.c.Ifsheshouldcome,Iwouldaskherforhelp.(与将来事实相反)总结与将来的事实相反从句：①过去式(did)/(were)②should+do③weretodo主句：would/could/might/shoulddo虚拟语气一、在if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况：虚拟语气在在条件从句中表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况过去式(did)(be常用were)Would/could/might/should+动词原形(do)表示过去情况过去完成式(had+done)Would/could/might/should+havedone表示将来情况①过去式(did)/(were)②should+do③weretodoWould/could/might/should+do2、错综时间的条件句１.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.（从句指过去，主句指现在）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现在,主句指过去)3、含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是用butfor(要不是),without,otherwise等来表示。如：Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。Iwassobusythen.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。虚拟语气4、省略if的条件从句(倒装）当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，把其提到句首，变为倒装句式．•IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,…•Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Shouldhefailintheexperiment…Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeafew….5.Ifonly…要是就好了要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadExercises1.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie2._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will3.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeeting.A.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin4.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasily.A.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor5.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,preventD.were,wouldhaveprevented6.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.A.IfheweretoworkB.HadheworkedC.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork7.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe8.______yourhelp,I____theexamA.Without,willfailB.Ifnot,willfailC.Butfor,wouldhavefailedD.Ifitisnotfor,wouldhavefailed9.IfonlyI___tomyparents!(ButIdidn’t.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlistenSubjunctiveMood(2)名词性从句的虚拟语气1.宾语从句。常见动词命令、要求、建议：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose五个要求：demand,require,request,desire，ask宾语从句用虚拟语气should+do，should可省略。我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.①表“坚决要求”,虚拟,should+do;②表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。①表“建议”，虚拟,should+do;②表“表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________moreafterclass.（我们课后多练习）Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe________happyHeinsistedthatallofus___________thereontimebyanymeans.（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）Heinsistedthathe_____________thewallet(没有偷钱包).insistsuggest(should)practisewasshouldbedidn’tsteal注意：以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)＋V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.（主语从句）（表语从句）（同位语从句）Exercises1.ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_____nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehasborrowed.A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes2.Heinsistedthathe______right,andsoheinsistedthathisplan______carriedoutatonce.A.was;beB.be;wouldbeC.was;wasD.be;shouldbe4.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_____hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.hadC.haveD.willhave3.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe____ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_____amedicalexamination.A.be,shouldhaveB.was,haveC.should,hadD.was,has5.Theirsuggestionisthatthewoundedsoldiers____tohospitalatonceA.besentB.issentC.wassentD.shouldsend6.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking____inthelibraryA.wasallowedB.wouldbeallowedC.beallowedD.hadbeenallowedSubjunctiveMood(3)虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wish的宾语从句现在：过去：将来：过去时过去完成时would/could