非谓语动词重点考点

非谓语动词+不定式(todo)+v+ing+过去分词(done)不定式：考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式；can’thelp/choosebutdo不得不,只能,不禁whynotdosth表示建议woulddoratherthando宁愿,更,还是为好不定式：考察短语bebelieved/saidtodosth的用法考察动词不定式的时态和语态：进行式tobedoing,完成式tohavedone;一般式被动语态tobedone;完成式被动语态tohavebeendone。另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思.不定式：在It’s+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：It’seasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,toomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加It’skind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave后加forsb.todoofsb.todo1.AIDSissaid____thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion.(2002)A.beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeen2.TheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved____ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.(2004)A.thatheisthinkingB.tobethinkingC.thatheistothinkD.tothinkCB动名词：1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词(动宾短语)acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,admit,consider,escape,favor,finish,forgive,practice,postpone,recall,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate。如：Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroad.动名词：2.介词后的ingprevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoing；spend/wastetime/moneyin；how/whataboutdoingsth；havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing；thereisnosenseindoing；thank/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth动名词：3.动名词做介词短语(介宾短语)objectto,resortto,reactto,contributeto,lookforwardto,beaccustomedto,becommittedto,bedevotedto,bededicatedto,beopposedto,be(get)usedto,getdownto,taketo,onthewaytoIamlookingforwardtovisitingyourhometown.分词：如果非谓语动词跟句子中的逻辑主语呈主动关系，用现在分词—doing.如果非谓语动词跟句子中的逻辑主语呈被动关系，用过去分词—done.see1.Seeingfromthemountain,weshouted“howareyoudoing”.2.Seenfromthemountain,thecitylooksmuchmorebeautiful.win/defeat1.Defeatedinthewar,thestatebegantobreakdown.2.Winningthewar,thecountrybegantoestablishitsownfinancialandpoliticalsystems.现在分词作状语特性---时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时doing，发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。WatchingVSHavingwatched1.Watchingthemovie“Titanic”,hecouldn’thelpcrying.2.Havingwatchedthemovie“Titanic”for5times,herefusedtogothecinemawithme.LivingVSHavinglived1.HavinglivedinChinafortenyears,hetookaChinesegirlashiswife.2.LivinginasmallcountrysideinChina,hespentallhistimeingardening.分词的独立主格结构分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则分词短语要有自己的逻辑主语，称为分词独立主格结构。Thejobfinished,wewenthome.Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.therebe非谓语动词的用法Therebe结构为非谓语形式时，be可以使不定式(tobe)或(being)，there作逻辑主语。非谓语形式的theretobe和therebeing结构可用作主语、宾语或者状语。therebe非谓语动词的用法(1)做目的状语或程度状语时用fortheretobe，做其他状语用therebeing。如：Fortheretobeapleasantperformance,youmustpracticemore.(做目的状语)Itisn’tcoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight,soIcanleaveJim’scaroutquitesafely.(做程度状语)Therebeingnofurtherquestions,we’llstopheretoday.(做原因状语)therebe非谓语动词的用法(2)做除for外的介词宾语，用therebeing。如：Hewouldalwaysignorethefactoftherebeingsuchacontradictioninhisinnerthought.个人超级总结：有for,用theretobe,其他都用therebeing。真题展示：3.There___nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.(2000)A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.beC4.Itisnotuncommonforthere____problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.(2007)A.beingB.wouldbeC.beD.tobeD