非谓语动词高考总结ppt

非谓语动词-----高东东非谓语动词的种类：1.不定式（todo）2.动名词（doing）3.分词现在分词(doing)过去分词（done)作用种类主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词分词种类与作用作主语1．不定式作主语：1)changethefollowingintotheinfinitive1.______(die)forpeopleisagloriousthing.2.______(talk)withhimisagreatpleasure.3.______(help)othersisourduty.4.______(see)istobelieve.5.______(sit)atthebackoftheclassroommadethestudentssurprised.2)changethesentencesaboveintotheonesusing“it”asformsubject.3)A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of引起的短语，这些形容词是：(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.动名词动名词作主语A)1.______(die)forpeopleisagloriousthing.2.______(talk)withhimisagreatpleasure.3.______(help)othersisourduty.4.______(see)isbelieving.5.______(sit)atthebackoftheclassroommadethestudentssurprised.It作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列句型常用动名词：Itis+nogood(nouse,fun,awasteoftime)+doing…Thereisno+doing….如：1.It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_____(play)golf.不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：It’snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It’snotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.关于逻辑主语的问题动名词复合结构的一般规则是：1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。Tom’s(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpe2.逻辑主语是无生命的名词：IsthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematchShedidn’tmindJack/Jack’s(him/his)cominghere.1.______tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomesD.Mike’scoming2.It’snouse_______thatyoudidn’tknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretendingD.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidn’tattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.作表语1.动名词作表语1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitsis______(bite)nails（指甲）.动名词作表语与主语是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。2.不定式作表语1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.3.Sheseemed______(think)abouttheproblem.4.Theyappeared_____(agree)withwhatwesaid.不定式作be动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换，说明主语的内容。3.分词与动名词作表语时：.1.Thenewsisencouraging.（表主语的性质，特征）Theglassisbroken.(表主语所在的状态）2.Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）1.Ourplanis______(finish)thetaskbeforeMay.2.Tom’sjobwas______(guard)thefactory.3.Hislectureis______(interest),whichmadeus______(interest).4.Thesituationis______(encourage).5.Thelibraryis______(close)now.6.Ifyouarebadly____(hurt),youshouldn’ttrytostandup[例3]NMET1998第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.作宾语1．不定式作宾语：A有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：want,demand,hope,wish,expect;like,hate;start,begin;fail,help,offer,try,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,agree,plan,determine,prefer,intend,etc.1.Theywanted______(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词it作formobject，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。think,find,feel,consider,make…HefounditimportanttostudyRussian.Thecomputermakesitpossibletocalculatefaster.定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如：but,except等后才行，此时不定式可带to或不带to。Heseldomcomesexcepttolookatmypictures.Wehavenochoicebuttowaitoutside.TheycoulddonothingbutaskforB动词不定式的结构（一般做宾语有这种形式）与逻辑主语的关系主动被动与谓语动词发生的先后关系一般式todotobedone之后完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone之前进行式tobedoing同时完成进行式tohavebeendoing过去已开始,还在进行不定式的时态与语态：1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。Isawhimgoout.Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。I’mverygladtobeworkingwithyou.3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Thearticleissaidtohavebeenreadbymanypeople.Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone---LiMingissaid____abroad.Doyouknowwhatcountryhestudiedin?hewillstudyin?hestudiesin?---Yes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingDoletyourmotherknowthetruth.Sheappears____everythingA.TotellB.tobetoldCtohavebeentoldDtohavetold1.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper___inbroaddaylightyesterday.(2001.1)a.robbedb.tohavebeenrobbedc.beingrobbedd.havingbeenrobbed[例1]NMET2000第19题I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…[例2]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B1因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，古表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故选B。不定式的否定形式3[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，①warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用①结构。两外，not应放在to之前。在大多数的动词可