初中英语语法大全[优质ppt]

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试题结构听力题选择题翻译题选择题选择题共有10道占总分的5%内容主要考察语法返回序号语法类别2009-122010-62010-12合计比例1非谓语动词3741418.52定语从句132611.743状语从句323812.574名词性从句21149.855虚拟语气12149.856强调句和倒装句10125.347主谓一致和反义疑问句11025.34题型虚拟语气分词结构主谓一致倒装结构从句结构独立主格时态结构虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。返回If非真实条件句(1)If从句动词主句动词与现在事实相反一般过去时(did/were)情态动词+do与过去事实相反过去完成时(haddone)情态动词+havedone与将来事实相反一般过去时(did/were)would+dowere+todoshould+doIf非真实条件句(2)与现在事实相反Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.If非真实条件句(3)与过去事实相反Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.If非真实条件句(4)与将来事实相反Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Iwish…(1)从句动词与现在事实相反一般过去时(did)与过去事实相反过去完成时(haddone)与将来事实相反would+doIwish…(2)IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。IwishedIhadn'tsaidthat.他希望他没讲过那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。特殊动词+宾语从句(should)+do建议suggest/propose/advise/recommend要求demand/desire/insist/require/request命令order/command意志urge/prefer/maintain/object特殊名词+表语/同位语从句(should)+do建议要求命令意志主语从句Itis+adj./p.p.+that…(should)+do特殊动词的形容词/过去分词形式:suggested/desirable/advisable/demanded/urgent/preferable特殊形容词:important/impossible/necessary/natural/essential特殊名词:apity/ashameItis(high/about)time+(that)主语从句did表示做某事的时间早完了或早该做了。从句动词用一般过去式表示虚拟。例:Itishightimeyouwenttobed.would/had+rather/sooner+宾语从句Iwouldratheryoudiditnow.Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.Iwouldratheryouhadcomehereyesterday.asif/asthoughHetalksasifheknewwheresheisnow.HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.Heopenshismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.lest/incase/forfearthat(should)+doHecheckedhiscarcarefullylestitshouldbreakdownontheway.butfor+n./but+(that)从句要不是…/如果不是因为…without…/withno…如果没有…/如果不是…wouldhavedoneTheywouldhavehelpeduswillinglybut(that)theyhappenedtobeshortofhands,too.Ifonly…:要是…就好了!与现在事实相反:IfonlyIwereaboy.与过去事实相反:Ifonlyhehadbeenherethen.与将来事实相反:IfonlyIhadanotherchance.IfonlyIcouldseeyoutomorrow.分词分词是一种非谓语动词形式现在分词:表示主动过去分词:表示被动分词可以做前置/后置定语分词可以做时间/条件/原因/结果/让步/伴随状语返回主谓一致主谓一致指“人称”和“数”之间的一致关系语法一致(grammaticalconcord)意义一致(notionalconcord)就近原则(principleofproximity)返回语法一致主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式。Thenumberofthestudentspresentis200主语为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。JaneandMarylookalike.意义一致主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。如:Thecrowdwereshouting.单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people,personnel,police,cattle,youth,mankind,等。主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。如:Thenewswassosurprising.复数形式单数意义的单词有news和一些以-ics结尾的学科名称,如physics,politics,economics等。就近原则谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词。这类词包括:or,either…or,neither…not,notonly…butalso,therebe结构EitheryourstudentsorMr.Wangknowsthis.each/every/noeach/every/no+n.+and+each/every/no+n.+V.单Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.主谓倒装中的主谓一致在主谓倒装句中,谓语动词与其后的主语一致。如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.andand连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。A(knifeandfork)isonthetable.Thegirl’s(teacherandfriend)isayoungdoctor.Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Toloveandtobelovedisgreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.with等当主语后面跟有:aswellas/asmuchas/nolessthan/alongwith/togetherwith/with/like/ratherthan/but/except/besides/including/inadditionto等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数视主语而定。如:Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.oneandahalf表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.oneof+定语从句oneof+pl.+引导词+V.复theonlyoneof+pl.+引导词+V.单Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthathavebeentold.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslate.倒装含义:为了表达上的需要,有时特意颠倒句子成分或分句的一般次序,把句子的一般次序变为特殊次序的修辞手法,叫做倒装。作用:运用倒装,可以加强语势,调和音节,错综句法。完全倒装:V+S(地点/方向副词或介词短语位于句首)部分倒装:助动词/情态动词+S+V(其它情况)返回倒装分类here等方向副词+go等位移动词+名词主语in等地点副词+V+名词主语so(肯)/nor/neither(否)+助动词/情态动词+主语so+adj./adv.+助动词+主语+V+that从句only+介词短语not等表示否定意义的词作状语置于句首省略if的虚拟语气让步状语从句:形容词/名词+as+主语+谓语here等方向副词方向副词(here,there,out,in,up,off,down,away,back等)放到句首。位移动词:go,come,run,rush等。主语必须是名词。Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了。Theregoesthebell.铃声响了。Downcametherain.雨落了下来。Outrushedatigerfromthewood.忽然从林子里冲出一只老虎。in等介词表示的地点状语注意:这种倒装句的主语必须是名词。Inthecenterofthehallstandsawhitepiano.在大厅的中央立着一台白色的钢琴。Underthebedliesasleepingcat.床铺底下躺着一只正在睡觉的猫。Amongthemwasasoldierwhowaswoundedintheshoulder.在他们当中有一个肩部受伤的士兵。so或nor等表示类推概念用so或nor表示“我也(不)这样”一类概念时,常用以下结构:肯定:so+助动词/情态动词+主语否定:nor/neither+助动词/情态动词+主语Hehasvisitedthemuseum.―SohaveI.他已经参观了博物馆,-我也参观了。Theboycan’tskate.-Norcanhisbrother.(Neithercanhisbrother.)那男孩不会滑冰。-他的兄弟也不会。注意:如果so不是表示“我也...”而是表示“的确如此”则不能倒装。Johnwonfirstprizeinthecontest.-Sohedid.约翰在比赛中赢得一等奖。的确如此。-Itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftyourclothesoutsideallnight.-MyGod!SoIdid-你真不小心整个晚上把衣服搁在外面。-天哪!果真如此。so...thatso在句首修饰形容词或副词表示强调时,主句要用倒装语序,后面以that引导的结果状语从句采用自然语序。Soshallowisthelakethatnofishcanliveinit.这个湖太浅了,鱼无法在这里存活。Soloudlydidhespeakthatpeopleupstairscouldhearhim.他说话太大声以致楼上的人都能听见。only+介词短语作状语only所强调的方式、条件、时间状语等位于句首时,采用部分倒装。Onlybytakingataxicanyouarrivethereontime.你只有打的才能按时到达。OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinEnglish.只有采用这个办法你才能在英语方面取得进步。Onlywh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