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句子的成分MembersoftheSentence预习1）Iamastudent.2）Theyarefriends.3）Wewenttothemoviesyesterday.4）SheiswatchingTV.5）Heisgoingcampingnextweek.6）-WhereisLiLei?-HehasgonetoJapan.句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。主语TheSubject主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。主语一般在句首。AnneisfromAustralia.LucyisanAmericangirl.Sheoftengoestothemovies.WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.Theclassroomisveryclean.Threeplusfiveequalseight.ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.→ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.★不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型Gina,Lucy,She,We,Theclassroom,Threeplusfive,ToteachthemEnglish名词Noun（n.）我们身边存在着形形色色的人和物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词。概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词都叫名词。如：Tom,China,boy,door,pencil,peace代词Pronoun（pron.）代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。用来代替名词、形容词或数词。如：we,that,his,what1．人称代词２．物主代词３．指示代词人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithimherittheythem物主代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshisheritsoursyourstheirs中文我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她,它)们的指示代词表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词用法例句this(these)一般用来指时间或空间上较近的事物Isthisyourpencil?Thesearemyfriends.that(those)常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物Isthathisbook?Thosearemybrothers.谓语ThePredicate说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。谓语一般在主语后面。Wearequiet.Hehasatoothache.Hisparentsareteachers.Shelookswell.Westudyhard.Wehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakEnglish.arequiet;hasatoothache;areteachers;lookswell;study;havefinished;canspeak表语ThePredicative说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后面。•1.表示状态的系动词：be、feel感觉、keep保持、look、seem看上去、appear看上去显得、smell闻起来、sound听起来、lie躺、sit、stay保持、taste尝起来•2.表示转变或结果的连系动词become、get（变得）、turn（变得）、come（成为）、go变得（往坏的方面）grow长得、fall（变成）、prove（证明）Hermotherisabankclerk.Areyouready?Ourcountryisgettingstronger.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Theyareathomenow.Mybookisonthedesk.Everybodyishere.abankclerk;ready;gettingstronger;younger;athome;onthedesk;here宾语TheObject表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。一般在谓语之后。Allofuslikehim.He’splayingsoccer.CanIasksomequestions?Sheisplayingthepianonow.Heoftenhelpsme.Lucylikestosleepintheopenair.WeenjoylivinginChina.him;soccer;questions;thepiano;me;tosleep;living定语TheAttribute用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。因为名词、代词既可做主语，又可做表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。What’syourname,please?She’sagoodbasketballplayer.Thegirlbehindthetreeismysister.Thelittleboygavemeabigapple.Theblackbikeismine.Theymadepaperflower.your;good;behindthetree;little,big;black;paper状语TheAdverbial用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。Peopleareworkinghard.Beijingisnotverycoldinwinter.Hediditcarefully.Theywanttoseeherverybadly.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.hard;very,inwinter;carefully;badly;Withouthishelp补语英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。“宾语+宾语补足语”合称复合宾语。宾语补足语主要用来说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等充当。Ifounditverydifficulttofindwork.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.WefoundLilyoutwhenwearrived.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.Leavethedooropen.verydifficult;broken;out;working;open句子成分随堂练习找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.状主谓状Theplaywasveryinteresting.Theplaywasveryinteresting.主系状表Ican’thearaword.Ican’thearaword.主谓宾Theyweretalkingloudly.Theyweretalkingloudly.主谓状ItwasSunday.ItwasSunday.主系表IgetupearlyonSundays.IgetupearlyonSundays.主谓状状Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.Ilookedattheyoungmanandthe主谓宾youngwomanangrily.宾状Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’t主谓定宾连主谓understandaword.谓宾Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.Myholidayspassedquickly,butI主谓状连主didn’tsendcardstomyfriends.谓宾状Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.主谓状连谓定宾HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.Heisworkingforabigfirmandhehas主谓状连主谓alreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferent状谓定定placesinAustralia.宾定HehasjustboughtacarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.Hehasjustboughtacarand主谓状谓宾连hasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltown谓状同位语inthecentreofAustralia.定Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreet主谓宾定onceamonthandalwaysasksfor状连状谓amealandaglassofbeer.宾