法律翻译的一般原则

LegalTranslation法律翻译的一般原则法律翻译专题Nevertheless,nothingisnowmoreobviousthanthatthecriterionofatranslation，whethercommunicativeorsemantic，mustbeitsmeasureofaccuracy，itsabilitytoreproducethegreatestpossibledegreeofthemeaningoftheoriginal：theheartofthemeaningbeingthemessageincommunicativetranslation——thesignificance，theenduringvalueandimportanceinsemantictranslation．(Newmark，1988：44)法律翻译专题Mostnon-literarywriting，journalism，informativearticlesandbooks，textbooks，reports，scientificandtechnologicalwriting，non-personalcorrespondence，propaganda，publicity，publicnotices，standardizedwriting，popularfiction—therun-of-the-milltextswhichhavetobetranslatedtodaybutwerenottranslatedandinmostcasesdidnotexistahundredyearsago--comprisetypicalmaterialsuitableforcommunicativetranslation．Ontheotherhand，originalexpression，whetherthespecificlanguageofthespeakerorwriterisasimportantasthecontent，whetheritisphilosophical，religious，political，scientific，technicalorliterary，needstobetranslatedsemantically．(Newmark，1988：66)法律翻译的六项应用型作业原则1)准确性及精确性(AccuracyandPrecision)2)一致性及同一性(ConsistencyandIdentity)；3)清晰及简练(ClarityandConcision)；4)专业化(Professionalism)；5)语言规范化(StandardizedLanguage)；6)集体作业(TearmWork)。1、准确性及精确性要求及重要意义：Thelawyermustbemorepreciseinhiswritingthanalmostanyoneelse．Mostwriterscanexpecttheirworktobereadingoodfaith，thatis，withanhonestdesiretounderstandwhatwasmeant．Butthelawyermustwriteinconstantfearofwhatwemightcallthereaderinbadfaith，themanlookingforloopholesinthecontractsoastoavoidliabilityforhisfailuretoperform，thedisappointedheirwhowantsthewillreadinawaythatwoulddefeatthetestator’sintention，thecriminaldefendantwhowantsthestatuteinterpretedsoasnottocoverhisact，andalltheotherswhowillwanttotwistthemeaningofwordsfortheirownends．(Chen，1992：164—165)1、准确性及精确性例l……所有董事会成员……须由合营方委派和撤换。(…allthedirectorsshallbeappointedandreplacedbythepartiest0theventure．)(Chen，1992：166)1、准确性及精确性例2如果买方对品质有异议，可以在货到目的口岸或收货后30天内向卖方提出索赔。(IncasetheBuyershavedisputesoverthequalityofthegoods，theBuyersmay，within30daysafterarrivalatthedestinationportordeliveryofgoods，fileaclaima—gainsttheSellers～1、准确性及精确性例3外国合营者如果有意以落后的技术和设备进行欺骗，造成损失的，应赔偿损失。(Iftheforeignjoint-venturercauseslossesbydeceptionthroughtheintentionaluseofbackwardtechnologyandequipment，heshallpaycompensationforthelosses．)(Chen，1992：166)1、准确性及精确性正确译文应该如下：“Iftheforeignjointventurercausesanylossorlossesbydeceptionthroughtheintentionaluseofbackwardtechnologyandequipment，heshallpaycompensationthere-for．”(Chen，1992：166)1、准确性及精确性例4ThedefenseproducedEX．D1，amedicalreportwhichshowedthattheappellanthadsufferedabrasiontobothhands，armsandelbowsandclinicalfracturestobothlegsandarms．(辩方将一份医生报告，证物D1，呈堂。报告指出上诉人双手，手臂及手肘都有擦伤，而且双手和双脚都有骨折。)(CourtInterpreters'Journal,1996：11)2、一致性及同一性《法律文体》一书的作者HenryWeihofen强调说：...exactnessoftendemandsrepeatingthesametermtoexpressthesameidea．Wherethatistrue，neverbeafraidofusingthesamewordoverandoveragain．Manymoresentencesarespoiledbytryingtoavoidrepetitionthanbyrepetition．(Chen，1992：164—165)2、一致性及同一性TheCustomssupervisingfeesontheimportgoodsgrantedwithdutyreductionandexemptionandthatonthegoodsinbondshallbecollectedinaccordancewiththeCustomsRegulationsofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaGoverningtheCollectionofCustomsSupervisingFeesonImportGoodsGrantedwithDutyReductionorExemptionandtheBondedGoods．(李文阳，1994：14)2、一致性及同一性这是《上海市涉外经济法规规章汇编》中的一段规定。对照以下原文：“保税区的减免税货物、保税货物的监管手续费，应当按照《中华人民共和国海关对进口减税、免税和保税货物征收海关监管手续费的办法》办理。”2、一致性及同一性ForthepurposeofthisPart一(a)aninstrumentisfalseifitpurportstohavebeen——(i)madeintheforminwhichitismadebyapersonwhodidnotinfactmakeitthatform；(ii)madeintheforminwhichitismadeontheauthorityofapersonwhodidnotinfactauthorizeitsmakinginthatform；(iii)madeintermsinwhichitismadebyapersonwhodidnotinfactmakeitinthoseterms：2、一致性及同一性(iv)madeintermsinwhichitismadeontheauthorityofapersonwhodidnotinfactauthorizeitsmakingonthoseterms；(v)alteredinanyrespectbyapersonwhodidnotinfactalteritinthatrespect；(vi)alteredinanyrespectontheauthorityofanypersonwhodidnotinfactauthorizeitsalterationinthatrespect；2、一致性及同一性(vii)．．．就本部而言——(a)任何文书如有以下情况，即属虚假——(i)该文书是以某种式样制成，并看来是由某人以该式样制成，但事实上该人并无以该式样制造该文书；(ii)该文书是以某种式样制成，并看来是获某人授权以该式样制造，但事实上该人并无授权以该式样制造该文书；(iii)该文书是按某些条款制造，但事实上该人并无按该等条款制造该文书；2、一致性及同一性(iv)该文书是按某些条款制成，并看来是获某人授权按该等条款制造，但事实上该人并无授权按该等条款制造该文书；(v)该文书看来曾由某人在某些方面予以更改，但事实上该人并无授权在该方面予以更改；(vi)该文书看来是获某人授权在某方面予以更改，但事实上该人并无在某方面予以更改；(vii)……(LawsofHong．Kong，“CrimesOrdinance”，1996：44)3、清晰及简练例5Thedistrictcourt，ontheotherhand，erroneouslyaddressedbutonewordoftheBankersBlanketBond—theterm‘realized’一andthenthedistrictcourtmisapplieditbyerroneouslyconsideringwhether(theappellee)‘realized’abenefitandtheBanksufferedaloss，whichisnotaquestionundertheBankersBlanketBond；andoncethedistrictcourtfoundthattheBanksufferedalossitheldtheInsurerliablewithoutconsideringthelanguageoftheBankersBlanketBondasrelevanttotheissueofwhetherthat10sswascoveredundertheBankersBlanketBond．(Faulk&Mehler，1994：5)3、清晰及简练其实，这个句子总共包含四层主要意思：1)ThecourtreadonlyapartoftheBankersBlanketBond．2)Thecourtreadthatpartincorrectly．3