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一.定义及主要术语1.定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。引导定语从句的词。Iknowthemanwholivesnextdoor.先行词关系词定语从句被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句2.先行词：3.关系词：常用的关系代词:（充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分）that、which、who、whom、whose、as等常用的关系副词:（充当状语）when、why、where二.关系代词引导定语从句1.who:指人，在从句中作主语。Ilikethestudentswhoworkhard.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom:指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。He'saman(whom)weshouldlearnfrom.Theman(whom)youmetjustnowiscalledJim.3.whose:可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.（指人）whoseparents=theparentsofwhomI'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.（指物）4.which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。Thelampwhichwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）Thebook(which)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（宾语）Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（表语）Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.（定语）5.that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.（宾语）She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.（表语）6.as的用法①用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…结构中。Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。Don‘tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.不要做你不确定的事。【比较1】Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.（同一间房子）I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.（相像的，不是同一件T恤）【比较2】Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）②单独引导一个定语从句，译为正如。Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主语）=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Aswecansee,heishonest.(宾语)Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)Thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisincreasing,asismentionedabove.三.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.=Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?=DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands？1.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。正：Thewomanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyteacher.误：Thewomanwithwho/thatyoutalkedjustnowismyteacher.正：Thisistheroominwhichheusedtolive.误：Thisistheroominthatheusedtolive.Herecomesthegirlofwhosesingingperformanceswespeakhighly.Dr.Smith,inwhosehospitalmysonwasbornlastyear,isaworldfamousscientist.如何判断介词1）看定语从句中，动词和介词的搭配。GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhichargueaboutsthwithsb答案：C2)看定语从句中，形容词和介词的搭配Copperisoneofthemetalswearemostfamiliar.A.towhichB.withwhichC.whereD.whichsbbefamiliarwithsth=sthbefamiliartosb答案:B3）根据先行词判断，所用的介词和先行词搭配。Thisisourclassroom,infrontofwhichthereisateacher'sdesk.2.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面，如：lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomarefamousdoctors.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.四.关系副词引导定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词，如：time,day,week,year,month,etc.HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.【比较】Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作状语）Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作宾语）2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place,school,factory,room,etc.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.【比较】Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.（作状语）Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.（作宾语）先行词case,point,situation可以看作表抽象地点的先行词,当从句缺状语成分时,定语从句的引导词用关系副词where引导。Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.WewilldiscusssomecaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguagepreperly.3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason时，可用forwhich指代。Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.【补充】当先行词为theway时，定语从句常用that,inwhich，that常可以省略。Thisistheway(that)/inwhichIdosuchthings.五.限制性非限制性定语从句的区别1.形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2.语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3.语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，若去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。ThisisthebookIlikebest.（限定性）这就是我最喜欢的那本书。Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.（非限定性）北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。六.只能用that,不用which情况①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等。Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.【比较】Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.④被修饰词为数词时.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.⑤先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.⑥先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that。Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.七.只能用which，不用that情况①当关系代词的前面有介词时.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.②在非限制性定语从句中.Cr