高中英语语法主谓一致

主谓一致的概念：主语和其谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致分为三种情况：语法一致内容一致就近一致主谓“三”一致(1)如果主语后面跟有with、togetherwith,alongwith,but,except,like,inadditionto,including,besides,aswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan等短语再加一个名词时，谓语动词仍与主语（第一个词）保持一致。如：Alibrarytogetherwith5000booksgiventoourschoolasagift.Mr.JohnsonaswellashiswifeandchildrenvisitingtheGreatWallnow.AllbutTomgonetothecinema.语法一致wasishave(2)用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一事物或同意概念时，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。如：Ateacherandwritergoingtogiveusaspeech.Breadandbutterusuallymybreakfast.Theprofessorandscientistalreadycome.Ateacherandawriterintheoffice.语法一致isishasare(3)不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：TolearnEnglishwelleffort.Servingthepeoplemygreathappiness.Whenwe’llgoforanoutinghasnotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherewe’llgoforanoutingnotbeendecidedyet.HowhecanspeaksogoodEnglishinterestsusall/usinterested语法一致takesishasmakes(4)用and连接的并列主语被each，every，no或manya修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Eachboyandeachgirlhasbeengivenagift.Noteacherandnostudentisintheclassroom.Everypenandeverybook_____________(lay)onthedeskalready.Manyaboyandmanyagirlisinterestedinherlesson.hasbeenlaid语法一致(5)eachof+复数代词，谓语动用单数。复数代词+each，谓语动词用复数。如：Eachofushassomethingtosay.Eachofthembeengivenapieceofbread.Weeachhaveadictionary.Theyeachdonetheirwork.语法一致hashave语法一致(6)none作主语，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，但修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数。如：Noneofusare(is)perfect.Noneofthesebooksare(is)mine.Noneofhismoneyhasbeenfoundagain.Noneofthisworriesme.语法一致(7)名词如trousers,scissors,glasses,goods,clothes等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数，但当它们前面有apairof或onepairof修饰时，谓语动词只能用单数。如：Mytrousersareblack.Hisglassesexpensive.Apairoftrousersliesonmybed.Apairofglassesgiventomeasagift.arewas语法一致(8)形复意单名词如：news;以-ics结尾的学科名词如：physics,mathematics,economics;国名如：theUnitedStates;报纸名如：theNewYorkTimes;书名如：ArabianNights《天方夜谭》；以及theUnitedNations等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：ArabianNightsisfullofinterestingstories.TheNewYorkTimesisapopularreadingmaterialforstudents.Physicsismyfavouritesubjects.语法一致(9)“a/an+名词+andahalf”,“oneandahalf+名词”“thenumberof+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：Anappleandahalfisonthetable.Oneandahalfdayshaspassed.Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis63.语法一致(10)百分数（或分数）+of+可数名词单数（或不可数名词）谓语动词用单数；百分数（或分数）+of+可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。如：Twentypercentoflandhasbeenturnedintoaplayground.Twothirdsoftheapplerotten.Sixtypercentoftheworkersinthefactorywomen.isare语法一致(11)Manya/an+n.+V(单数）+O.表示复数的意思，译作“很多……”。如：ManyastudentisinterestedinEnglish.很多学生对英语感兴趣。Manyateacherhasresigned.很多老师已经辞职了。Manyanapplehasgonebad.很多苹果已经坏了。Manyamistakehasbeenmadebyhim.他犯了很多错误。语法一致（12）A(large)quantityof+N.+V+O.动词的数由名词决定；A(large)ammountof+N.(不可数名词）+V(单三）+O.谓语动词用单数，但是，Largequantitiesof+N.(pl.oruc）+V(复数）+O.Largeammountsof+N.(不可数名词）+V(复数）+O.谓语动词用复数。Alargequantityofsugarhasbeenputintheboiledwater.Largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeenwastedontheproject.AlaregeammountoftimehasbeenspentonEnglish.Largeammountsoftimehavebeensavedbythenewinvention.语法一致(13)“Thiskindof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“复数名词+ofthiskind”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：ThiskindofapplesimportedfromAmerica.ApplesofthiskindimportedfromAmerica.waswere语法一致(14)“A/An+单数名词+ortwo”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“Oneortwo+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Adayortwoisenoughforthiswork.Oneortwodaysareenoughforthiswork.Amanortwotobesenttheretohelpthem.Oneortwomentobesenttheretohelpthem.isare语法一致（15）“Asetof+复数名词”及“Aseriesof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Aseriesofdebateswasscheduledfortheweekend.Thesalesmantoldmethatagoodsetoftireswasguaranteedtorunatleastfiftythousandmiles.语法一致(15)在“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓语动词的用复数；但如果one前面有theonly修饰时，定于从句的谓语动词只能用单数。如：Maryisoneofthestudentsthat(have)beeninvitedtosingattheconcert.Maryistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat(have)beeninvitedtosingattheconcert.havehas(1)不定代词all,most,some等作助于书，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所指代的名词的数。如：内容一致内容一致（2）”the+形容词（或分词）”指一类人，如：therich(富人),theliving(活着的人),thewounded(伤者）作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.Therichareeagertohelpthepoor.Thewoundedbeentakengoodcareof.Thelivingtocheerupandcontinuetolive.havehave内容一致(3)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看做一个整体时，如：breadandbutter(面包加黄油),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：内容一致（4）不定数量的词组，如：apartof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。如：Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.Apartoftheapplehasbeebeatenupbythepig.Alotofpeoplehaveheardthenews.Alofofmoneyhasbeenspentonthisproject.内容一致(5)表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，它们作为一个单一的概念时，其谓语动词用单数形式。如：Onemilliondollarsisalotofmoney.Tenmilesisalongdistance.Twoyearsisenoughtolearnaforeignlanguage.就近一致（1）由here,there,where以及状语从句提前构成的倒装句中，(有时主语不止一个时)谓语与靠近它的主语保持一致。如：Herecomesthebus.Thereisapen,twobooksandthreepencilsonthedesk.Ontopofthemountainstandsatower.Whereisyourmother?Whereareyourfriends?就近一致（2）由连词or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,not…but等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如：Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.NotonlyTombutIamsatisfiedwiththeresult.Notonlytheybutalsoweareinterestedinthefilm.