Phonetics.lecture1.2.3

PhoneticsComDis263MWF12:00–12:50Dr.LoriSwansonOffice221Textbook•ClinicalPhonetics(thirdedition)•Authors:LawrenceShriberg&RaymondKent•Ablongman.com(websiteforbookandCDsandaudiotapes)•Bookstore–willprovidethetextbookPurposeofcourse•Developtranscriptionskills•Why?Neededforassessment&treatmentChapter1:OverviewofClinicalPhonetics•Definitionofphonetics:studyofperceptionandproductionofspeechsounds•ClinicalPhonetics:phoneticsasusedforclinicalpracticeExamplefrombook•Treatmentof/s/•Whyshouldn’tselect•Base•Face•AndHose????SystemComplexity•Two-wayscoring(correctvs.incorrect)•Five-wayscoring(deletion,distortion,addition,substitution,orCORRECT)•Phonetictranscription–precisiondependsonpurpose.•Broadvs.Narrow(close)•Whatdoesacliniciantypicallyuse?Chapter2•Language,Speech,Dialect•Speech–movementsofspeechstructures&acousticvibrations•Speechcommunity!Namesome!•Dialects–“regionaldialects”•AAEvs.AppE•Ideolect–personspecificLecture2AppalachianEnglish–onedialectLexicaldifferences“a-crow-to-pick”“all-my-born-days”•AppE•Syntacticdifferences•Doublemodal•A-verbing“a-running”•Irregularverbs-brung•Negation–ain’tandhain’tPhonFeatures•RandLdeletion•Finalunstressed“ow”–hollerforhollow•Finalunstressedschwa–sodyforsodaWhyconcernedaboutdialects?•Differencevs.Disorder!!•Problem–whenchildrenareinaccuratelyidentifiedaslanguageimpaired.•Needtouseanunbiasedsystemofassessment!•SLPs–needtobefamiliarwithfeaturesofotherdialects.•Anaside–ASHAdoesn’tbelieveinirradication–BidialectalismandBilingualism–ourgoal.IPA•InternationalPhoneticAlphabet–universalsymbolsystem,containssoundsofEnglish.•Phoneme–classorfamilyofsounds(allophones)•Allophones–freevariation,complementarydistribution.Morphemevs.PhonemeMorpheme–smallestunitofmeaninge.g.,re+lent+less,cup+board+sPhoneme–basicsoundsegment,distinguishesmorphemese.g.,cat,mat,fat,rat,bat,pat,vat,hatMinimalContrasts•Pay-bay•Cup-cub•Distinctionbetweentwomorphemesisonlyonesoundsegment.•Minimalpairs–usedin“artic”therapy,focusisonmeaningdifferences!•Slashes–usedtorepresentphonemesofalanguage,Englishhas42-44phonemes.PhoneticSymbols•Phoneticsymbols–representallophonesorphoneticvariantsofphonemes.Usebrackets.•3Levelsoftranscription•Morphemic–meaningfulunits•Phonemic–sounds,linguisticsignificance•Phonetic–allophonicvariants,speaker’spatternofsounds.Diacritics•Usedfortongueposition•Towardfrontofmouth•TowardteethAlphabet•Lettersforwriting•No1-1correspondence•Samelettermanysounds•SamesoundmanylettersPhonetics–lecture3Positional&ContextualterminologyInitial,Medial,&FinalPositionSyllableinitial–releasingSyllablefinal-arrestingVowel–ineachsyllable•Prevocalic•PostvocalicTwotypesofsyllables•Open–doesn’tendinaconsonant•Closed–doesendinaconsonantMorphemicAnalysis•Lightened•Table•Morphemic•Recruitment•Dismissed•Television•Finger•Singers•Revealing•impositionAnswers•Light+en+ed•Table•Morph+em(e)+ic•Re+cruit+ment•Dis+mis+(s)ed•Tele+vis(e)+ion•Finger•Sing+er+s•Re+veal+ing•Im+pos(e)+it+ionCreatewordswithroot“pose”•AddprefixesandsuffixesAnswer“pose”•Expose•Exposition•Impose•Imposition•Oppose•Appose•Compose•Depose•Repose•Suppose•Dispose•Purpose•proposeHowmanyphonemes?•Daughter•Laughter•Phone•Cupboard•Cellophane•Knead•Chicago•Finger•Singer•sixAnswers•Daughter-4•Laughter-5•Phone-3•Cupboard-5•Cellophane-7•Knead-3•Chicago-6•Finger-5•Singer-4•Sixs-4Sequentialphonemeconstraints•Realvs.madeupwords•A.fsew•B.grith•C.srin•D.scute•E.trave•F.ktun•G.skeg•H.dlut•I.shlar•J.gvise•K.spile•L.knarAnswer•B–grith•D–scute•E–trave•G–skeg•K–spile•L–knarChapter3–3systems•Respiratory•Laryngeal•SupralaryngealRespiratory•AllEnglishsoundsareegressive!Laryngeal•Larynx–voicebox•Trachea–airpipe•Vocalfolds–insidelarynxSupralaryngeal•Abovethelarynx•Pharyngeal-oral-nasalsystemExercise•Drawoutlineofvocaltract•Tonguebody•Root•Dorum•Blade•Tip•Lips•Velum•Jaw•Alveolarridge•Velopharygealport•Pharynx