英国养老制度市场化改革对劳动力市场的影响

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120042[]2080[][]201201986198889255OECD70196860648090403120200412004121986200343RichardBlundell,CostasMeghir,SarahSmith(2001)PensionIncentivesandthePatternofEarlyRetirement.UniversityCollegeLondonandInstituteforFiscalStudies,FinancialServicesAuthority,Sep.2001214StateEarningrelatedPensionscheme,SERPS6560657060657511120.60519891989SocialSecurityAct5717.5%538.3%25080DB6DBDBDB506060604statebasicpensionearning-relatedpensionDC200345DacidBlake(1995)PensionSchemesandPensionFundsinUnitedKingdom.ClarendonPressOxford.6NationalAssociationofPensionFundsAnnualSurveyofOccupationalSchemes,1997.35803719885015055-5960-6434.354150-540.64470.20530.15000.00000.09470.07370.02370.065855-590.46200.18810.35980.00000.34320.13860.08250.072860-640.26800.17870.55330.00000.53950.50960.14780.123765-690.02130.08160.89720.81210.74110.16670.13120.053250-540.46670.24270.29070.05070.10400.04000.01330.048055-590.29360.23850.46790.09750.19880.03980.00610.052060-640.09090.13940.76970.79700.36060.02420.01520.048565-690.01560.06880.91560.96940.41250.00000.00000.0469FamilyExpenditureSurvey1994-95RichardBlundell,CostasMeghir,SarahSmith(2001):PensionIncentivesandthePatternofEarlyRetirement.UniversityCollegeLondonandInstituteforFiscalStudies,FinancialServicesAuthority,Sep.2001Table1.472004141995613490606060199960820801DC91984198662064614781999200066.7577PatrickRing,RoddyMcKinnonThepillared-PrivatizationofPensionProvisionintheEuropeanUnion:TheCaseoftheUnitedKingdom.EuropeJournalofSocialSecurity,Volume4/1,5-24,2002.9Gustman,A.Steinmeier,T(1993)Pensionportabilityandlabourmobility:EvidencefrontheSurveyofIncomeandProgramParticipation,JournalofPublicEconomics,50,299-323.52SERPSSERPSSERPS80103DBDBDBDB9090DBDBDBDBDCDBDBGustmanSteinmeier,19934DCDC10200416DCSERPS1111SERPS2BritishHouseholdPanelSurveyBHPS20591992199856772801993199416199811.990SERPS12SERPS2199219982345678OP69.466.766.069.971.572.772.6OP75.575.975.278.980.381.483.132.733.534.330.529.528.227.8OP44.441.841.446.749.450.151.2PP14.916.016.014.613.012.711.9OPPP8.08.78.38.28.19.19.1277827652750273227132693265011200341220034715.013.815.012.813.012.411.7OP63.962.862.767.169.068.970.5PP9.510.39.68.36.56.25.2OPOPPP11.613.112.611.811.312.512.6192818431816190219411958192372.872.871.471.070.670.270.3OP--------------PP27.227.228.629.029.429.829.7OPPP--------------OP8509229348317727357271OPPPBritishHouseholdPanelSurvey,1992to1998inclusive;20--598.RichardDisney,CarlEmmerson,SarahSmith(2003),PensionReformandEconomicPerformanceinBritaininthe1980sand1990s.NBERworkingpaperseries9556,table6.3.2DC31336.67.613SERPS9.317.9143.66.742.927.415.53303915334567812.415.315.917.616.417.646.93.66.75.86.65.76.127.413383814SERPS15RichardDisney,CarlEmmerson,SarahSmith(2003),PensionReformandEconomicPerformanceinBritaininthe1980sand1990s.NBERworkingpaperseries9556810.615.612.014.916.813.146.54.98.13.95.36.78.026.57.611.010.210.910.310.336.69.39.010.113.612.817.939.43.66.75.86.65.76.127.47.612.512.012.813.09.542.94.98.13.95.36.78.026.55.07.86.87.77.17.930.613.917.818.419.317.917.550.4-------13.017.815.516.218.815.249.4-------13.617.817.518.418.216.850.1BritishHouseholdPanelSurvey,1992to1998inclusive.RichardDisney,CarlEmmerson,SarahSmith(2003),PensionReformandEconomicPerformanceinBritaininthe1980sand1990s.NBERworkingpaperseries9556,table6.5.380909019847119984016201716StephenMachin(2001)UnionDeclineinBritain.http:econpapers.hhs.se.Beatson,M(1995)LabourMarketFlexibility,EmploymentDepartmentResearchSeries,No48.1720041920OECD181tNwW=NbB1tNwWNbBt=(Nb/Nw)(B/W)(2)221920SERPSDC2182004119279200310135-62020032200342003810DBDC2122DCDBDBDC1991DB255720011956DC3344095978DB46DC22231994DB87.8%,199979.3%DC6.9%12.1%5.4%8.6%24DC2000DC34%97%2520DBDCDC198340%199879%DB87%44%26DC401k2122200352003223VincentHogan,PatrickO’sullivan(2002),ImplicationoftheShiftfromDBtoDCforPensions,DublinEconomicWorkshop,Kemmore,11-13,Oct.24DCDBCBP2003425RosAltmann(June2001),Let’sGetDCRightBeforeIt’sTooLate,givenbytheauthor:ros.altmann@genesys.net26LeoraFriedberg,AnthonyWebb(Sept.2003),RetirementandtheEvolutionofPensionStructure,NBERWorkingPaperSeries,w9999.11DB401k1975DB40%199821%DB19801000DBDC1996DBDC50%AAA200262/3401kDCDBDB401k401kDBDB275%5-6WTO4%DB28200229320703027ActuarialUpdate(August2002),BalancingDBPlansand401(k)s,TheNewsmonthlyoftheAmericanAcademyofActuaries.282000424%292004130DB2003112004DCTSP12003612-72912DC31323334200342004120041200412004DCTSP12003DB11Beatson,M(1995),LabourMarketFlexibility,EmploymentDepartmentResearchSeries,No48.Disnet,R.andWhitehouse,E.(1993a):WillYoungerCohortsObtainaWorseDealfromtheUKStatePensionScheme?85-106inM.CassonandJ.Creedy(eds)IndustrialConcentrationandEconomicInequality,Aldershot:EdwardElgar.DacidBlake(1995),PensionSchemesandPensionFundsinUnitedKingdom.ClarendonPressOxford.DavidCard(2002),WhatHaveTwoDecadesofBritishEconomicReformDelivered?NBERworkingpaperseries8801.3120041DB2003112003612-7293241520033120031133200391-4342003413Djankov,Simeon,Rafael,LaPorta,FlorencioLopez-de-Silanes,andAndreiShleifer(2000),TheRegulationofEntry”.NBERWP7892Emmer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