电火花成形加工技术的研究现状和发展趋势

张勤河1　张建华1　杜如虚2　艾　兴11.山东大学,济南,250061　　2.香港中文大学,香港:从电火花加工基础理论、电火花加工工艺理论等方面分析总结了目前国内外电火花加工技术的研究现状,论述了电火花加工技术未来的发展趋势。:;;;;:TG661　　　:1004—132Ⅹ(2005)17—1586—07PresentResearchStatusandDevelopmentTrendsofEDMZhangQinhe1　ZhangJianhua1　DuRuxu2　AiXing11.ShandongUniversity,Jinan,2500612.ChineseUniversityofHongKong,HongKongAbstract:Thepresentresearchstatusofelectricaldischargemachining(EDM)includingitsbasicmachiningtheoryandmachiningprocesstheorywereintroducedinthispaper.ThedevelopmenttrendsofEDMwerealsodiscussed.Keywords:electricaldischargemachining(EDM);machiningtheory;machiningtechnology;pres-entresearchstatus;developmenttrend:2004—06—18　　2005—04—20:(50305018)0　引言,,、,。1943(electricaldischargemachining,EDM),,,、、、、、。,,、,。1　电火花加工技术的研究现状1.1　,、,,。[1],,,,,。,。,。,,。,。Kunieda[2],,,,,,。Chen[3],、、,,,、,。Singh[4],,,(5μm),。,,。,。(100μm),·1586·161720059。。Cogun[5],:;,、,;200ns,15%。[6],,,。。,。[7],,,、。Crookall[8],,。,。[9～11],、、,。[12,13],,,,,,。1.2　,,。。1.2.1　。Kunieda[14],,,。,,,。。Thoe[15][16],,,,,。。,,,,。Kunieda[17],,,,,,。1.2.2　,、,,,,、,、。,,21。,[9,18～20]。[21,22],,,。[23],()5μm,。,。,Charmil-lesSPS,,Ra0.055μm;SodickPIKARa0.1μm,(3000mm2)Ra0.32μm。·1587·———　　RC,50Ψ～3kΨ,;100pF～20nF,8,;30～200V。1.2.3　,,[24]。,,,。SC,,[25]。,,,,。[26],、,,。1.2.4　,,。0.3mm、、。,,。,。Muttamara[27],,。[28,29],,50μm、10。[30],、、,25μm50μm,20。[31],、,,,10-6J。,60%。[32],,。,,2～3。[33],,WEDG,0.8mm。1.2.5　,,100Ψ·cm,。,。:,,,;,,;,,,。[34～36]。[37][38],。1.2.6　,。[39],“”。,。,,;,,,,,、·1588·161720059,,,,。Ishida[40],,,,。[41](SMA),,。1.2.7　,(),、,。、。,。(KuniedaM)[42],,,,,。,。Kunieda[43,44],,12.2mm3/min,6。[45]、[46]。[47～51],,。1.2.8　,,,、。、[52,53]。—、—、——。[54]——,。2　电火花加工技术的发展趋势,、。2.1　,,,。,,,、,。,,。,,,,。,。。[55～57]。[58]WEDM,,。[59,60],98.5%。,。,。,,,,[61]。,·1589·———　　,。2.2　,、。,、、。(1)加工工艺的高效化　,,、、、。,,、,,、、。,。,,,,。(2)加工工艺的精密化　。,。、、、。,。,,,。,、,。(3)加工工艺的微细化　、,、、,,。,。,,,、。、、、。(4)加工工艺的绿色化　,,,、、、。、、、。,,,,,。、、,、。(5)加工过程的自动化　,,。,,、,。,、,。、、。3　结束语,,,,,。,。,,、,。:[1]　,,..,2001,35(7):989～997[2]　KuniedaM,NishiwakiX.ObservationofArcCol-umnMovementduringMono-pulseDischargein·1590·161720059EDM.AnnalsoftheCIRP,1992,41(1):227～230[3]　ChenY,MahdivianSM.AnalysisofElectro-dis-chargeMachiningProcessandItsComparisonwithExperiments.JournalofMaterialsProcessingTech-nology,2000,104(1):150～157[4]　SinghA,GhoshA.AThermo-electricModelofMaterialRemovalduringElectricDischargeMachi-ning.InternationalJournalofMachineTools&Manufacture,1999,39(4):669～682[5]　CogunC,SavsarM.StatisticalModelingofProper-tiesofDischargePulsesinElectricDischargeMachi-ning.InternationalJournalofMachineTools&Maunfacture,1990,30(3):467～474[6]　,,,..,2001,20(5):762～763[7]　,..,1998(4):1～3[8]　CrookallJR.ATheoryofPlanarElectrode-faceWearinEDM.AnnalsoftheCIRP,1997,46(1):125～129[9]　PecasP,HenriquesE.InfluenceofSiliconPowder-mixedDielectriconConventionalElectricalDis-chargeMachining.InternationalJournalofMachineToolsandManufacture,2003,43(14):1465～1471[10]　MatsugiK,KuramotoH.TemperatureDistribu-tionatSteadyStateunderConstantCurrentDis-chargeinSparkSinteringProcessofTiandAl2O3Powders.JournalofMaterialsProcessingTech-nology,2004,146(1):274～281[11]　,,..,2002,13(11):904～906[12]　,,,..,2000(3):43～45[13]　,,,..,2001(5):14～15[14]　KuniedaM,FuruoyaS.ImprovementofEDMEfficiencybySupplyingOxygenGasintoGap.AnnalsoftheCIRP,1991,40(1):215～218[15]　ThoeTB,AspinwallDK,KilleyN.CombinedUltrasonicandElectricalDischargeMachiningofCeramicCoatedNickelAlloy.JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology,1999,93(1):323～328[16]　ZhaoWansheng,WangZhenlong,DiShichun.Ul-trasonicandElectricDischargeMachiningtoDeepandSmallHoleonTitaniumAlloy.JournalofMa-terialsProcessingTechnology,2002,120(2):101～106[17]　KuniedaM,MasuzawaT.AFundamentalStudyonaHorizontalEDM.AnnalsoftheCIRP,1988,37(1):187～190[18]　,,,..,2004(6):100～102[19]　,..,2002,38(3):64～68[20]　,,,..,2001,24(4):466～469[21]　,,..:2001.:,2001:111～113[22]　,,,..,2003(3):29～32[23]　,,..,2003,3(6):573～576[24]　ZhaoJianfeng,LiYue,ZhangJianhua.AnalysisoftheWearCharacteristicsofanEDMElectrodeMadebySelectiveLaserSintering.JournalofMa-terialsProcessingTechnology,2003,138(2):475～478[25]　,..,1995(5):6～8[26]　,,..,1995(4):47～48[27]　MuttamaraA,FukuzawaY,MohriN.ProbabilityofPrecisionMicro-machiningofInsulatingSi3N4CeramicsbyEDM.JournalofMaterialsProcess-ingTechnology,2003,140(1):243～247[28]　FleischerJ,MasuzawaT.NewApplicationsforMicro-EDM.JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology,2004,149(1):246～249[29]　YuZY,RajurkarKP,ShenH.HighAspectRa-tioandComplexShapedBlindMicroHolebyMi-croEDM.AnnalsoftheCIRP,2002,51(1):359～362[30]　,,..,2002(5):12～14[31]　,,,..,2001,35(12):1830～1833[32]　,,,..,2000(1):71～74[33]　,,..,2003(3):49～55[34]　FukuzawaY,MohriN,TaniT.MachiningChar-acteristicsofInsulatingCeramics.IndustrualCe-ramics,2001,21(3):187～189·1591·———　　[35]　TaniT,FukuzawaY.MachiningPhenomenainWEDMofInsulatingCeramics.JournalofMateri-alsProcessingTechnology,2004,149(1):124～128[36]　..,2002(2):41～43[37]　..,2003(5):17～18[38]　,,,..,1998(6):23～25[39]　,,..:2001.:,2001:6～13[40]　IshidaT,KogureS.CreationofLongCurvedHolebyMeansofElectricalDischargeMachiningUsinganIn-pipeMovableMechanism.JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology,2004,149(1):157