最详细的TCP_IP介绍

IntroductiontoTCP/IPPage2Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.AgendaWhatisTCP/IP?TCP/IPlayeringTransportlayerNetworklayerLinklayerGeneralintroductiontoTCP/IPSuiteIPProtocolARPICMPUDPBOOTP&DHCPTFTPTCPPage3Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.WhatisTCP/IPTCP/IPisasetofprotocolsdevelopedtoallowcooperatingcomputerstoshareresourcesacrossanetwork.Figure1VariousprotocolsintheTCP/IPsuite.Page4Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.AgendaWhatisTCP/IP?TCP/IPlayeringTransportlayerNetworklayerLinklayerGeneralintroductiontoTCP/IPSuiteIPProtocolARPICMPUDPBOOTP&DHCPTFTPTCPPage5Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.TCP/IPLayeringFTPClientFTPServerTCPTCPIPIPEthernetDriverEthernetDriverapplicationtransportnetworklinkEthernetprotocolIPprotocolTCPprotocolFTPprotocolUserprotocolhandlesapplicationdetailskernelhandlescommunicationdetailsmediahardwarehandlesphysicalsignalPage6Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.EncapsulationapplicationTCPIPEthernetDriverEthernetuserdataApplicationdatauserdataApplheaderTCPheaderApplicationdataTCPheaderIPheaderApplicationdataTCPheaderIPheaderEthernettrailerEthernetheaderTCPsegmentIPdatagramInputEthernetframe64to1500bytes1420204Encapsulationofdataasitgoesdowntheprotocolstack.Page7Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.DemultiplexingapplicationUDPIPEthernetDriver(NDISdriver)IncomingframeRARPARPICMPIGMPTCPapplicationapplicationapplication‧‧‧‧‧‧DemultiplexingbasedonframetypeinEthernetheaderDemultiplexingbasedonprotocolvalueinIPheaderDemultiplexingbasedondestinationportnumberinTCPorUDPheaderapplicationtransportnetworklinkPage8Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.Whatportnumberfor?TokeeptrackonconversationofindivdualapplicationsWhousesportnumber?TCPandUDPprotocoluseportnumbertoidentifyapplicationdata.Serversarenormallyknownbytheirwell-knownportnumber.Clientsallocateportnumbersbetween1024and5000.InternetaddressesconnectionTCPportsconnection1128.6.4.194,128.6.4.71234,212128.6.4.194,128.6.4.71235,21ExamplesofWell-knownportnumber(1to1023)socketWell-knownsocketsandtheapplicationlayerSocketApplicationPort#ShortforApplicationFTP20(data)FileTransferProtocolFiletransfer21(control)Telnet23RemoteControlSMTP25SimpleMessageTransferProtocolEmailPage9Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.AgendaWhatisTCP/IP?TCP/IPlayeringTransportlayerNetworklayerLinklayerGeneralintroductiontoTCP/IPSuiteIPProtocolARPICMPUDPBOOTP&DHCPTFTPTCPPage10Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.TransportlayerResponsibleforend-to-enddataintegrity.Employedmostimportantprotocols:TransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)andUserDatagramProtocol(UDP).TCP:reliable,full-duplex.Canmaintainmultiple,simultaneouslyconnectionsUDP:unreliable,enhancednetworkthroughputApplicationsprogrammerscanchoosetheservicethatismostappropriatefortheirspecificapplications.Page11Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.AgendaWhatisTCP/IP?TCP/IPlayeringTransportlayerNetworklayerLinklayerGeneralintroductiontoTCP/IPSuiteIPProtocolARPICMPUDPBOOTP&DHCPTFTPTCPPage12Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.NetworklayerNetworklayerhandlesthemovementofpacketsaroundthenetwork.Functionsofthislayer:Definethedatagram,whichisthebasicunitoftransmissionintheinternetDefinetheInternetaddressingschemeMovedatabetweentheNetworklayerandTransportlayerRoutedaragramtoremotehostsFragmentandreassembledatagramThislayercontainsIP(InternetProtocol),ICMP(InternetControlMessageProtocol),andIGMP(InternetGroupManagementProtocol.IPprovidesanunreliableandconnectionlessdatagramdeliveryservice.Page13Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.AgendaWhatisTCP/IP?TCP/IPlayeringTransportlayerNetworklayerLinklayerGeneralintroductiontoTCP/IPSuiteIPProtocolARPICMPUDPBOOTP&DHCPTFTPTCPPage14Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.LinklayerThepurposeoflinklayer:Tosendandreceive(1)IPdatagramsfortheIPmodule(2)ARPrequestsandrepliesfortheARPmodule(3)RARPrequestsandrepliesfortheRARPmoduleDependingonthetypeofnetworkinghardware,linklayersupportsmanydifferentnetworkinginterfaces.Suchlike:Ethernet,tokenring,FDDI,ATM…EthernetarethemostcommoninterfaceFramebased(variablelength)QoSLackingPreamble/SFDDestinationAddressSourceAddressType/LengthDataandPadFramecheck8bytes6bytes6bytes2bytes46to1500bytes4bytesIdlePage15Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.RARPPadrequest/replyLinklayer–EthernetEncapsulationPreamble/SFDDestinationAddressSourceAddressType/LengthDataandPadFramecheck8bytes6bytes6bytes2bytes46to1500bytes4bytesEthernetFrame•IP/ICMP•ARP•RARPType/0x0800IPdatagramType/0x0806ARPPadrequest/replyType/0x8035246-15002281822818Page16Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.RARPPadrequest/replyLinklayer–IEEE802.2/802.3EncapsulationPreamble/SFDDestinationAddressSourceAddressLengthDataandPadFramecheck8bytes6bytes6bytes2bytes35bytes38to14924bytesIEEE802.2/802.3Frame–IP/ICMP–ARP–RARP0x0800IPdatagramARPPadrequest/reply238-14922281022810802.2LLC802.2SNAP0x08000x0800Page17Copyright©2006RealtekSemiconductorCorp.AgendaWhatisTCP/IP?TCP/IPlayeringTransportlayerNetwor